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本次英语演讲比赛评分标准满分为10分。评分标准为以下五个方面:
一、语言能力及应用(满分4分)
A. 语音语调标准,口齿清楚,语句流畅,用词正确,无明显语法错误,显示较强的语言功底,记满分4分。
B. 发音有个别错误,语句偶尔有阻碍,或个别用词不当 ,或个别语法错误,得分在2-3分之间。
C. 整体语言表达能力一般,或有一些词汇错误或语法错误,得分在1-2分之间。
二、演讲内容(满分2分)
A. 演讲内容有较强的思想性、逻辑性和感染力,层次分明,引人入胜,记满分2分
B. 思想性较弱,逻辑性不强,或虽有一定思想性,但缺乏表现力度和深度,得分在1-1.5分之间。
C. 整体演讲内容空洞,缺乏条理,逻辑性不强,得分不超过1分。
三、演讲技巧(满分为2分)
A. 善于运用面部表情,手势和姿势,目光接触与身体语言运用得当,语调抑扬顿挫,富于变化。有熟练的演讲技巧,能吸引观众,有较强艺术感染力,满分2分。
B. 面部表情欠佳, 语音语调或演讲技巧不够熟练,得分在1-1.5分之间。
四、时间控制(满分为1分)
A. 演讲及朗诵时间未超,属正常范围,得1分。
B. 演讲时间不到3分钟,或演讲及朗诵时间超过,得0.5分。
五、整体形象(满分为1分)
It was Sunday, the 20th of April. We set out very early on bikes, carrying bottles of champagne, beer and bags of cakes, bacon and cooked eggs. We rode along the winding paths in the fields, acrothe meadows and down the roads.The willow were fresh and green. The swallows were flying to and fro, up and down the sky. The birds, like musicians,snang their melodious songs in the trees, and the butterflies,like colorful dancers, were fluttering here and there. We breathed the fresh air deeply and laughed heartily.
At 10 a.m. we arrived at the foot of the $hushan Hill.We left our bikes with a bike-repairing shop and began to climb up the Hill. Near the top, under a big tree with luxuriant foliage we had our picnic. We drank and ate, talked and laughed. After the picnic we stood in the breeze with our hands on our waists, enjoying the fine landscape. Then we lay on the gratalking about our life and studies.
At about 4 p. m. , we returned with balmy greenneon our backs and freshnein our hearts.
2 Fellow students,
May I have your attention,please?We will go spring outing this weekend.We'll meet at 8a.m. at the school gate and then we'll go to Qingdao and Taishan by bus.We'll stay in Tai'an for 2 days,and we'll also stay in Qingdao for 3 days.So this is a long journey.During the 5 days,we'll climb the mountain,go to the beach,visit many museums,taste some seafood,go shopping and take some photos.By the way,we should wear sports shoes and take a camera with ourselves。Spring came with all its glories. The new graexposed its green colour. The pretty flowers opened their blossoms.We were tempted to go for an outing.
It was Sunday, the 20th of April. We set out very early on bikes, carrying bottles of champagne, beer and bags of cakes, bacon and cooked eggs. We rode along the winding paths in the fields, acrothe meadows and down the roads.The willow were fresh and green. The swallows were flying to and fro, up and down the sky. The birds, like musicians,snang their melodious songs in the trees, and the butterflies,like colorful dancers, were fluttering here and there. We breathed the fresh air deeply and laughed heartily.
At 10 a.m. we arrived at the foot of the $hushan Hill.We left our bikes with a bike-repairing shop and began to climb up the Hill. Near the top, under a big tree with luxuriant foliage we had our picnic. We drank and ate, talked and laughed. After the picnic we stood in the breeze with our hands on our waists, enjoying the fine landscape. Then we lay on the gratalking about our life and studies.
At about 4 p. m. , we returned with balmy greenneon our backs and freshnein our hearts.
Although the 2008 Olympics are still three years away, another special competition has already started in Nanchang. This time, the competitors are not the athletes from all over the world, but the people living in Nanchang. The special competition is not held in a stadium, but in every street and every corner of Nanchang. I suppose some of you may have already guessed what the special competition is. Yes, it is the competition of protecting our environment and creating a green Nanchang for the 2008 Olympic Games.
Several years ago, I was very lucky to have an opportunity to live in the United States for about two years. I not only enjoyed the beautiful environment there, but also appreciated the American people's active way of protecting their environment. Now, whenever the environment protection is mentioned, a beautiful view of California will arise in my mind: white clouds flying across the blue sky, green grassplot sprinkled with colorful flowers and small animals playing happily among the trees.
The positive actions of American people and the effective measures the American government takes in environment protection fully won my respects and deeply affected my consciousness in environment protection.
When I was back in China, people often asked me: " What do you think of America?" I always bolt out:" Wonderful, especially the beautiful environment." Frankly speaking, after several years, the faces of my American teachers and friends have gradually faded away from my mind, but the blue sky, green grass and lovely animals in California often arise in my mind, and became my dream of visiting there again.
I remember that at the beginning of my coming to America, I often went to my father's working place, the United States Geological Survey, to have fun. Each time I found a lot of people riding bicycles to their offices. Among the cyclists, an old man with white hair attracted my attention. Curiously, I asked my father," Why does the old man ride his bike to work every day? Doesn't he have enough money to buy a car?" Father laughed, "No, not because of money. Actually, he is one of the greatest scientists in the world. He can afford to buy a motorcade if he likes. He is just an environmentalist and usually doesn't drive unless going shopping, or in bad weather. In America, there are a lot of environmentalists, who actively protect their environment. For example, in Palo Alto city we are living now, there is even a bicycle-to-work day on May 19th every year to encourage people to decrease air pollution caused by cars".
Later, I also learnt another interesting fact of environment protection there. In some states of America, in order to decrease air pollution, save energy and reduce traffic jams, state governments encourage people to take buses to work or to share a car among several people. They even set special "diamond lanes" in some main streets, which are only for the vehicles with 2 or more people.
From now on, if every student who is driven to school can take bus or ride bicycle to school once a week, if every car owner goes to work in a car pool once a week, we can make a difference. If everyone can actively protect the environment in our daily life, the blue sky, green grass and lovely animals in California will appear in Nanchang.
Tiny streams can combine into a vast ocean, small trees can together be an immense forest. Nanchang is often described as a beautiful and aged picture. If every Nanchang citizen adds a trait of green on the picture, the whole Nanchang will become an ocean of green. Let us unite together to win the competition of environment protection in Nanchang, and present the world a big gold medal. That is "Green Nanchang, Great Olympics "
The 2008 Olympics provide us with the opportunity to publicize and practise environment protection in Nanchang. Is it possible for Nanchang to Is it possible for Nanchang to become as beautiful as California? The answer is "yes", but the dream needs every Nanchang citizen's full support and active moves to accomplish.
有人可能会问我们在这种竞争对手是谁?现代的洛杉矶,迷人的悉尼,还是历史雅典?不,没有一个人。真正的对手是自己。这是我们的坏习惯忽视保护环境在我们的日常生活中。
虽然2008年奥运会仍然是三年,南昌的另一个特殊的竞争已经开始。这次的对手不是运动员来自世界各地,但是人民生活在南昌。特殊的竞争不是在体育场举行,但是在每条街道和南昌的每个角落。我想你们中的一些人可能已经猜到了什么特殊的竞争。是的,这是保护我们的环境,创造一个绿色的竞争南昌2008年奥运会。
几年前,我很幸运有机会住在美国两年了。我不仅喜欢那里的环境优美,但也感谢美国人民积极的方式保护他们的环境。现在,每当提到环境保护时,加州美丽的景色将会出现在我的脑海里:白云飞过蓝天,绿草地上散布着五颜六色的花和小动物在树林里快乐地玩。
积极行动的美国人民和美国政府采取有效措施在环境保护完全赢得了我的尊重和深深影响我在环境保护意识。
我回到中国的时候,人们经常问我:“你觉得美国吗?在精益生产工具,其中最普遍引用相关文献的�“坦率地说,几年后,我的美国老师和朋友的面孔已经逐渐从我脑海中消失了,但蓝天,绿草和可爱的动物在加州经常出现在我的脑海里,并再次成为来访的有我的梦想。
我记得我初来美国,我经常去我父亲的工作地点,美国地质调查局,玩得开心。每次我发现很多人骑自行车到他们的办公室。骑自行车的人,一个老人白发吸引了我的注意。奇怪的是,我问父亲:“为什么老人每天骑他的自行车去上班吗?他没有足够的钱买一辆小汽车吗?”父亲笑着说:“不,不是因为钱。实际上,他是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。他能买得起一个车队如果他喜欢。他仅仅是一个环保主义者,通常不会开车,除非去购物,或在恶劣的天气。在美国,有很多的环保人士,他们积极地保护环境。例如,在帕洛阿尔托市我们现在生活,甚至有一天骑车上班每年5月19日鼓励人们减少汽车造成空气污染”。
后来,我也学会了保护环境的另一个有趣的事实。在美国一些州,为了减少空气污染,节约能源,减少交通堵塞,政府鼓励人们坐公交车上班或在几个人之间共享一辆车。他们甚至设置特殊的“钻石车道”在一些主要街道,为车辆提供只有2或更多的人。
从现在开始,如果每个学生都是驱动可以乘公共汽车或骑自行车来学校一周一次,如果每个车主在汽车上班池一周一次,我们可以改变。如果每个人都能积极地保护环境在我们的日常生活中,蓝天,绿草和可爱的动物在加利福尼亚将出现在南昌。
小溪流可以结合变成一个巨大的海洋,小树一起可以是一个巨大的森林。南昌通常被描述为一个美丽的和年龄的画面。如果每个南昌市民增加了一个绿色的特点,整个南昌将会是一片绿色的海洋。让我们团结在一起,在南昌赢得竞争的环境保护,和现在世界上大的金牌。这是“绿色南昌,新奥运”
PEOPLE aren’t the only ones that can run on two legs – robots can, too! Mabel the robot runs just like a human, only much faster.
Scientists in the US built Mabel – she can run at a speed of 10.9 kilometers per hour. She even set a Guinness (吉尼斯) world record for the fastest robot running on two legs.
Mabel was born in 2009. It took scientists three years to get her up and running. Her legs are light and springy (有弹力的). When she is running, Mabel is much like a human.
Robots like Mabel will soon be able to do dangerous work, like looking for people inside a burning (着火的) house. According to one of the scientists who worked on Mabel, Jonathan Hurst, the research they did to make a running robot may help people in other ways, too. “People in wheelchairs (轮椅) may be able to walk again,” said Hurst.
2、The nose knows cancer
DOGS don’t just find drugs () with their noses, but lung cancer (肺癌), too.
The American magazine Popular Science reported that a dog could tell if a patient has lung cancer by smelling his or her breath (呼吸).
Researchers in Germany trained dogs and asked them to smell 220 people. The group had healthy people, lung cancer patients and people who have another lung disease (疾病). The dogs picked out patients with lung cancer.
However, scientists do not know what exactly the dogs are smelling. They are working hard to explain it. Scientists hope to use this information to make “electronic (电子的) noses” to use in hospitals.
3、Look into the news
“MIRROR (镜子) mirror on the wall, what’s happening in Libya right now?”
Now with this new mirror from the New York Times, you can brush your teeth while reading the latest news and watching videos in your bathroom.
The mirror works with some very new software (软件). You can use it to get the news, schedule events on your personal calendar (日程表) and leave messages for family members.
There’s another kind of new mirror, too. It can read the signals (信号) of the person standing in front of it. According to what the user is wearing, it gives fashion tips and suggestions on his or her clothes.
Going shopping or eating out? Don’t go in a hurry! The magic mirror offers (提供) you coupons (优惠券), too.
4、Clever robot chats it up
WHO are you talking to on the Internet? It may not be a human!
A British software developer (软件开发者), Rollo Carpenter, made a piece of software called Cleverbot. It can fool people into thinking that they are talking to a human being, not a machine.
At a computer festival in India, 30 people talked with an online chatter (聊天者) for four minutes. The chatter could either be a Cleverbot or a real person behind a screen. People watched what the chatters wrote on a big screen and voted (投票). Cleverbot succeed in fooling more than half of the 30 people into thinking that it was human.
Let’s see some questions that Cleverbot answered. Will you be fooled?
5、World’s tiniest camera
A CAMERA helps record beautiful places while traveling. It also makes luggage (行李) heavier. Now the world’s smallest camera will save you from this worry.
American company Hammacher Schlemmer made this camera. It’s no larger than a fingertip (指尖) and it’s only 28g. But it takes pictures and videos just like normal cameras.
[关键词] 英语演讲比赛;培训模式;实践
【中图分类号】 H31 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1007-4244(2014)07-008-2
一、引言
随着全球化脚步的日趋加快,英语表达能力已成为现代社会对人才的基本要求,而英语公共演讲能力也越来越成为人们能否成功的重要核心竞争力之一。英语公共演说、答辩、即兴演讲等频频出现在招生面试、招聘、教学竞赛等场合,形式有所不同,但往往是必要环节,这些形式涉及英语演讲能力的方方面面,要求当事人具备良好的英语口头表达能力、缜密的逻辑思维。为了适应新时代社会的要求,高校学生,除了掌握自己专业领域的知识技能以外,更应该从与英语演讲相关的培训与训练中有效促进思辨能力、英语综合运用能力等综合技能。
近年来由国家教育部、中央电视台、外语教学与研究出版社(以下简称外研社),等单位面向全国举办英语竞赛活动。其中以口语形式为主尤其是英语公共演讲的赛事由于其集挑战性,受众广泛,娱乐性等特点,经过宣传,媒体,网络等报道,在国内外往往产生广泛的影响。对参加赛事的高等学校,院系或学生个人都起到了良好的促进与发展作用。
笔者在学校的大力支持下,在青海师范大学设立了“大学生英语竞赛与口语培训”项目,为我校学生建立一个长期有效的培训机制以参加国内省内各类英语竞赛。该项目对学生英语素质及英语公共演讲能力的提高都有重大的意义。该培训项目自实施以来,经过项目培训的学生往往在校级和省级比赛中脱颖而出,代表学校和我省参加由中央电视台和外研社举办的国家级英语演讲比赛,并取得了一定的成绩,使得学校在省内国内的知名度得到提升;同时也为参赛学生带来了更多的机遇。另外由于近年来英语教师教学技能大赛及教师招聘考试也加入了即兴演讲环节,由此使得英语演讲比赛培训具有了更重要的现实意义和社会意义。
二、培训模式的目的、意义和原则
(一)培训模式的目的
探索大学生英语演讲比赛选手培训模式旨在设立优秀英语人才培养的长效机制,储备人才库,形成良性循环的培训机制和人才流动选拔机制,以随时准备推荐优秀选手参加省内及国内的各类英语口语类竞赛,改变过去每次英语演讲大赛前临时指派指导教师、临时组织学生参赛、比赛成绩欠佳的多年被动模式,避免国内大赛前临阵磨枪,优秀人才不足的困局。实践证明该培养模式确实为我校学生在全国演讲大赛的表现带来了质的改变。
该培训实践具有长期性,流动性(学生入学,毕业)和前瞻性。一定程度上解决了大学生优秀英语口语人才匮乏的问题、同时培养具有思辨能力,国际视野的复合型优秀英语人才,并且使英语教学更加切合实际,贴近学校和学生的需要。该培训模式在青海省内为首创,适合以我校为试点,在培训项目成功后可在省内推广。
(二)培训模式的意义
首先,教育部现行的《大学英语课程教学要求》明确指出: “大学英语的教学目标是培养学生英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。”尽管大多数学生都有说一口流利英语的意愿,却苦于课时少班级人数多等难以突破的障碍,无法在课堂上得到有效的口语训练。除了少数基础好、学习主动性强的学生外,多数学生在课堂上的口语表达词汇局限、结构松散、内容浅显,从质和量两方面来看,语言运用的深度和广度都没有得到有效的锻炼,从而难有明显的提高。课后由于缺乏语伴,缺少指导,自己主动进行的口语训练计划也难以实施下去。因而大学生的英语交际能力和语言应用能力成为语言学习的瓶颈始终难以得到提高。而针对竞赛的口语培训重在信息的交流,可以帮助学生突破浅层次的口语交流,就某一话题进行挖掘阐述。通过真实的有准备的语言实践和语言输出,英语学习者有机会真正盘活所学的词汇、句法,把消极易忘的语言知识内化为语言技能,从而提高语言应用能力。另外,国外高校特别重视培养学生的批判性思维能力,对于学生提出新鲜的观点一般都是以鼓励为主。为培养有创造力的人才,作为语言教师也应当有意识地引导学生开发大脑,养成认真、多角度、多层次深入思考的习惯,苦思多疑,多提问题,并学会推理,提高解决问题的能力。具体到演讲实践的语言活动中,要做到吸引听众,就必须有新鲜的见解或有独特的表达方式, 因此有必要提醒学生在准备演讲时避免人云亦云,空发议论,不具体,无例证的思维习惯,在选择话题或表述方式时要有独立性思考。口语培训可以帮助学生理清思路,组织得体的语言。要提供能够吸引听众注意力的语言材料,学生在准备过程中必然要深入思考,发掘新鲜的内容,条理清晰,逻辑严密,要让听众听懂且印象深刻,还需要学生选择合适的语体并对重点信息的适当重复。整个过程都需要积极思考,如对听众的需求分析,内容安排,组织结构等等。这些活动可以帮助学习拓展思维能力、搜索及整合信息的能力及其它在实际工作中有重要价值的各种素质。
(三)培训模式的原则
大学生英语演讲比赛的培训模式应遵循英语口语教学的原则。首先,增强学生适应语境的能力,重新激起他们练习口语的积极性,营造综合运用语音的交际环境,鼓励学生运用逻辑思维和创造性思维,增强其自信心。在具体的操作中,训练学生在不同语境中对不同话题的反应, 提高学生的英语思辨能力、创新能力和判断能力,增加语言练习的机会,提高谈话质量。其次,克服学生知识面相对狭窄的困难,鼓励大学生在课后进行自主学习,努力增加信息的输入。关注社会热点问题,广泛涉足英文报纸、新闻、电视节目等,紧扣时代脉搏,同时又吸取各家之言,拓宽眼界,学习从多方面、多角度看待事物。信息的积累和丰富能够增加学生的谈资,使其有感而发,言之有物, 言之有理。再者, 在不断积累扩大词汇量的同时, 突破纯语言形式的操练, 将词汇运用到具体的语境中, 自行发觉总结词汇的使用规律。并且, 应该进一步了解目标语的文化背景和行为习惯, 努力摆脱母语的思维惯性和表达方式对目标语使用的影响, 尽量采用适合于目的语语境的语言形式。
三、符合现状的培训模式:长期培训+赛前集训
经过几年的不懈努力与实践,笔者采用将开设英语公共演讲课与演讲团队集训相结合模式,为全国大学生英语演讲大赛培训人才并取得一定成绩。实践证明:该培训模式是目前适用于我校及我省的有效培训模式。
(一)长期培训:开设英语公共演讲课
英语公共演讲课的设立在青海高校属首创,在全国高校英语教学中也处于探索性阶段。目前国内试开设本课的学校有北京外国语大学,北京第二外国语大学、南京师范大学、天津外国语学院等少数高校。笔者在青海师范大学开设“英语公共演讲”的全校公选课,旨在促进我校英语口语教学的长期发展和增加大学生参加英语竞赛的实力。传统的口语教学由于长期只重视语言形式的操练和语境教学的导入流于表面化,造成学生在学习英语多年后仍然开口困难,该课程的设立帮助学生英语口语交流突破基本的会话层面、培养其在公共场合连续发言的能力。培养具备高综合素养的外语人才。如在培养学生语言能力的同时,也注重逻辑思维力、组织构架、自信心的培养等。提高了学生社交能力,为学生今后求职打下基础,使我校毕业生在就业市场具备更强的综合能力和竞争力。英语公共演讲课是英语口语教学新课型,同时旨在突破传统口语教学单纯语言训练队的模式,在学生的语言基本功已扎实的前提下运用语境教学,以培养学生在真实语境中灵活运用语言能力、进行有效交际、成为成功的交流者作为最终训练目标。以2013年为例,选修该课的学生人数达到99人,另有未能选修此课,前来旁听的学生合计人数为106人。学生出勤率较好,在课堂上表现积极,一些学生在完成必要的任务以外,还积极主动地要求在全班演讲,并请老师和同学们给予反馈意见。该课程的设立为我校培养了优秀的外语毕业生人才,也为我省培养了优秀的具有过硬语言能力、胜任多种语境的立体型外语人才。
(二)长期培训: 建立演讲团队
该演讲团队培训对象为全校范围内的优秀英语演讲人才,主要为全国各类英语演讲赛事及教师技能大赛选拔,培养,储备人才。鉴于演讲团队英语授课和培训的性质,对入选学生要求较为严格。学生需要良好的综合素质及出色的英语基础,要求学生至少通过国家公共外语四级考试。在经过自我测评、教师评估等环节后,第一轮入选演讲队的选手应按要求选修或旁听英语公共演讲课。在进行几周教学课后,笔者会通过平时课堂观察和学生表现,第二轮选拔优秀学生进入演讲大赛集训团队,该团队成员人数固定在5-6名,实行末尾淘汰制。以每周二次实践课的形式授课,上课期间采取高强度、反复操练、定期内部比赛的模式,在全国演讲比赛前三到四个月确定最终的2-3名种子选手,再进行赛前突击培训。
(三)赛前集训
赛前集训即为比赛前三到四个月对种子选手进行的强化训练。培训主要分为单独培训与团体培训两种方式。单独培训即根据每个参赛选手的特点,指导教师制定相应的培训计划,为选手量身定做赛前准备进度、听说读写任务及与指导教师赛前演练时间。团体培训即请各位种子选手到场,根据比赛流程模拟比赛,各选手参加每一环节并在每一比赛环节结束后互相点评,最后由指导教师总结点评,团体培训的目的为集思广益,共同成长。两种培训模式结合,使赛前培训的节奏紧张有序、选手能合理安排赛前宝贵时间。实践证明该模式效果良好,帮助选手从容应战并且捷报频传。
四、培训模式的应用与实践
(一)课堂应用与实践
近年来笔者为青海师范大学在校本科生开设英语公共演讲公选课,具体操作如下:本人在青海师范大学外语系担任专业课的任教,同时担任英语公共演讲课的教学。公共演讲课程是面向全校的公共选修课。主要教材是The Art of Public Speaking, 同时应用的其他教材有:《英语演讲选评100篇》、《英语演讲实训指南》和《英语演讲比赛参赛指南》。此课程主要由两种形式组成,一种教学课,一种实践课。公共演讲的教学课是这样进行的:开始上课时,请学生就上次布置的演讲题目进行有准备的主题演讲,教师及同学给予点评和反馈,内容包括语言特色、礼仪知识,着装要求等知识。上课开始向学生发放讲义,这部分内容主要来自于课本和补充材料,目的是为学生演讲准备和演讲技巧提供基本指导。课堂上教师利用多媒体设备,为学生播放演讲范例(主要来自The Art of Public Speaking和《英语演讲选评100篇》两书的配套光盘),进一步为学生解释讲义内容要点。教师以双向交流的形式与学生对观看的演讲视频进行点评、并介绍与之有关的演讲技巧,如身体语言、语言表达等。教师布置即兴演讲题目,请学生就题目准备两分钟后上台来演讲,教师做总结性点评。
(二)全国英语演讲大赛应用与实践
这种以上教学课为基本形式,辅助以团队集训并层层选拔的比赛选手培训教学模式,在近几年内为我校培养了多名优秀的演讲大赛参赛选手。未能入选集训队的同学也在课堂上表现出了对英语公共演讲的极大热情,并且以优秀选手为榜样,激励自己更加勤奋地学习。该培训模式成功地将我校学生推向全省乃至全国的英语演讲舞台,历年来青海师范大学学生在英语演讲大赛中屡屡获得省级一等奖及二等奖,并分别在全国英语演讲大赛中分别取得了全国一等奖、二等奖及三等奖的好成绩。笔者也获得优秀指导教师全国二等奖的成绩。该培训模式的实践和对学生的培养在全国英语竞技舞台上大大提高了青海师范大学的知名度,提升了青海省英语口语教学的形象。同时我们培养的参赛学生在毕业后的就业竞争中,常以良好的综合素质为自己争取到好的工作,历届获奖选手纷纷以自身过硬的综合素质在国家公务员考试和全省教师招聘考试中名列前茅,目前均就职于自己热爱的工作岗位。
五、结语
总之,“外研社”杯全国英语演讲大赛和CCTV“希望之星”英语风采大赛自创办以来,已成为两项全国规模最大、水平最高的英语演讲赛事,也成为竞争最为激烈的英语能力大赛。而在全国范围内,我省的学生起点较低,从资讯、能力、学习外语环境方面与省外学生有差距,在全国大赛中很快显露出不足。由此培养并提高大学生英语演讲能力、独立思考能力、应变能力,不断完善并实践大学生英语演讲比赛选手培训模式,力争我们的选手在全国比赛中取得越来越好的成绩将是一个长期且极具意义的目标。
参考文献:
[1]Lucas,S.E. 2010 The art of Public Speaking (10th Ed) [M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research press.
[2]李少红.论大学生英语口语技能的多途径培养[J].丽水学院学报,2008,(8).
[3]宿玉荣.英语演讲比赛参赛指南[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006.
即席演讲是很残酷现实精准的英语实力考验。而实力,唯有靠自己吸收累积。
二。对演讲艺术的认识表演与说唱并重唯一目的…to entertain the audience。所以要时常自问:听众看完了我的表演会快乐吗整个舞台都是你的「舞台,最好不要固定在某一个地方表演,好像生根黏住了。
说话速度要有快有慢……语气要有轻有重、有急促有婉约。
表情要有喜怒哀乐。
手势要做就做到最好、最彻底、最完美、最有效果。不然,练习都是在做什么呢?所以要常照镜子,彻底认清自己体态、修正自己的表情动作。
艺术这东西,推到极限,怎能分好坏?
三。对评审的认知1. 评审很可怜,要连听几十篇类似的演讲,而且还要强迫自己打分数,分高低。例如,如果要你选你最喜欢的主持人,只有胡瓜和张菲让你选,你可能能轻易选出。但如果又加上张小燕、费玉清、瘐澄庆、吴宗宪、阿雅、曾国城、高怡平、贺一航、徐乃麟、…你来排排看,而且分数是一个一个打,不能回头参考前面及修改。
连评审自己都不清楚哪一位同学他给几分。
评审每人标准不同、好恶不同、观点不同、背景不同。
四。对得奖心理参加比赛,得奖绝对不是目的。否则,每样比赛都只有前几名达到目的,这不是太不合理了吗?
当参赛者众,且评判不可能客观的情况下,得奖只应算是一个「意外的惊喜。
成绩应该自己从整个训练过程的自我改变来判定,而非由他人的决定你得不得奖来判定。
五。对自我成长参加比赛,目的也非在战胜别人,将别人打倒。否则以别人的失败来证明自己的能力,这不是太病态了吗?
参加比赛,目的应在整个过程、从头到尾的自我成长与历练。让自己比之前的自己更好。
这一段时间所付出的心力,所经验过的一切,自己最大的改变就是最大的收获。这些收获与经验都将成为你未来的人生中可贵的资源。
Unforgetable Experience
Once I changed my attitude toward everything, I recognized my world, my future and myself. It happened when my friends and I had almost finished our last academic year and were invited by our lovely and friend like teachers to an amazing trip, to Issyk-Kul, the pearl of Kyrgyz land. About five of my best friends and I were going to the breathtaking places of our motherland where we decided to have an unforgettable days of our life.
It was usual shiny day when we were about to leave our lyceum and get to the long road that was passing through the high and mighty mountains of “Kyrgyz jeri”. And when we were on the way to Tam chi, a fertile garden village of wooden chocolate-box cottages and shady, poplar-lined avenues, my teacher said with his funny voice, ?Listen everybody! Now we are on the way to Issyk-Kul, and I want you not to sleep on first mission of our summer vacation because you could not realize the beauty of nature and compose an essay on your final exam. And some of us really didn’t sleep after his funny advice, trying to get a real pleasure from staring at the grand mountains. But during the way the others of us were just listening the music, joking to each other and flying in their dreams. Finally, we reached the place where everyone changed their face and had a big smile, which showed that all of us were really pleased of seeing our magic lake. After some times later, we got into our nest! and then had first unforgettable dinner near the lake and under the thousands of blazing stars, which reminded us that we were in paradise. And it was indeed amazing? On the next day, after having a wonderful breakfast, we went to the beach for swimming and having a sunbath. When I saw the warm and silk like soft water that was attracting all of us, I rushed to it and noticed that not only I was running like a wild animal, but all my friends did the same as well. The water is excellent, said one of us. Yeah, it is, replied another one. But after a little time, there were again coming lots of voices like, WOW, Cool, and many other sounds that showed our both surprise and gladness. We were happy and at the same time tired. So we went back to have lunch and then to get asleep. Everyone was sleeping when one of my friends and I were playing cards and discussing about our aims in life and about friendship. I thought that having the best friends makes me feel self-assured in my decisions and be full for a real life by recognizing its wellnein community and nature. I thought that only with them I could get a hand and find the way in ! my own life path by discovering my abilities and finding out my great wishes in life. But after some minutes my friend and I were sleeping and continuing discussing, and this time in our dreams.
In evening, we were usually watching comedy films and films about the battles. But on another day we decided to have a party, so we went to a local disco named as Discovery. And the life would be more interesting that night if I didn’t quarrel with my best friend. We started arguing only for our own interests; he insisted on drinking some alcohol and dance, I insisted on not doing that because it would bring big problems and moreover it would be shame on ourselves. Unfortunately, all my friends were against me, because they thought that we could afford drinking alcohol considering that we were about to finish our school. That night I lost all my best friends just in a moment. All my thoughts about friendship were ruined; my heart burst into small pieces that will never be joined any more. And from that moment I started to build everything in my life from zero. I became more serious with my attitude toward people and became more careful myself as well.
一、活动目的:
为配合我院的第一届大学生科技文化节,丰富校园文化生活,推动校园文化建设,浓厚学术氛围,提高学生综合素质,展现当代大学生风采。
院学生会学习部举办“中英文双语演讲比赛”,欢迎全院同学踊跃报名。
二、演讲比赛内容:
本次演讲比赛分主题演讲和即兴演讲两部分。
1、主题演讲:
以“青春·信念·责任”(“YOUTH·BELIEF·REOIBILITY”)为主题,题目自拟。要求内容积极向上,思想健康,主题鲜明,选材典型,
能够体现时代要求与大学生的精神风貌。本次活动旨在引导大学生明确新世纪肩负的历史使命,为实现中华民族的伟大复兴而努力学习,大胆
实践,奋发成才。演讲者可围绕时代对青年提出的新要求,以及作为学院学生在新形势下的体会和感悟进行演讲,(中英文一起)时间约8分钟
左右。
2、即兴演讲:
主题演讲结束后,每位选手进行即兴演讲,举办方将准备若干词语,选手根据随机抽取的词语进行即兴演讲,(中英文一起)时间140秒钟以内
。
3、出场顺序赛前抽签决定。
三、演讲比赛组织形式
1、参赛对象:全体在校学生
2、组队方式:各系派出2~4名选手参加预赛,并确定一名选手作为本系参赛小组联络人。
3、赛制安排:
本次比赛分预赛和决赛两个阶段,在预赛中,每位选手须在限定的时间内(中英文一起,约8分钟)自由演讲,题目自定,评委会将评出优秀选
手进入决赛,所有通过预赛的选手即取得决赛资格。
四、比赛时间:
初赛:待定
决赛:待定
五、比赛地点:
初赛:学生多功能厅
决赛:学生多功能厅
六、比赛规则:
1、中文、英文演讲依次进行。
2、表意明确,健康向上。
3、中英双语达要求口齿清楚,语音标准,语调有节奏感又不缺乏感情。
4、举止大方,表现自然,与观众有目光交流。
5、较强的应变能力和沟通能力。
6、有适当的肢体语言。
七、演讲比赛活动流程
1、比赛分初赛、决赛两个阶段。
2、各系学生会学习部将“青春·信念·责任”演讲比赛参赛人员名单、制定联络人、年级、班级、联系方式等,报至院学生会学习部,时间截
至X月X日。
3、进行预赛,通过预赛的选手正式进入决赛阶段。
4、正式进行决赛。
5、决赛包括现场英文提问,计总成绩,演讲时间总计不超过10分钟(超时扣分)。英语提问不得超过2分钟,英语回答不得超过2分钟。
八、评分标准
l、中英文发音标准,口语流利,节奏感强;
2、话题围绕“青春·信念·责任”(“YOUTH·BELIEF·REOIBILITY”)的主题,展现当代大学生热爱祖国,崇尚科学,奋发成长。
3、选于自信投入,热情洋溢:
4、配以适当的肢体语言;
5、台风自然大方,不怯场;
6、回答问题积极思考,不急不躁;
7、问题分析解答深刻透彻,见解独到,令人耳目一新;
8、中英文演讲时间总计不得超过8分钟,回答问题不超过2分钟,超时扣分;
九、比赛评判及奖项设置
1、本次比赛决赛阶段邀请学院领导和有关教师担任评委,采用5~7人制评分,依据思想性、语言、仪表、感染力等方面量化评分。
关键词:多模态;英语演讲;创新能力;Studio培训模式
中图分类号:G642.0 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-9324(2017)14-0211-02
一、引言
创新是指在前人发现和发明成果的基础上,对出现的新情况、新现象、新问题、新领域作出新的理性分析和解答,从而发现新的规律、创造新的事物或提出新的方法。而创新则包含三个层次的内容:创新意识、创新思维和创新能力。这三个要素缺一不可,相辅相成。而随着我国对外经济合作领域的不断扩大、国际交流的日益频繁,各个领域对具有创新实践能力的英语专业的人才需求量猛增,这就使得培养英语专业学生的创新实践能力变得尤为重要。
而通过实践发现,英语演讲比赛能有效地锻炼学生的思维能力。大学生的英语演讲比赛主要是指大学生以英语这门语言作为载体,依据某个固定的主题向观众传达自己的想法、观点或是对某一社会现象的态度,最终达到引起共鸣的效果。成功的演讲富有感染力,能达到满堂喝彩的效果。每年都有大量英语演讲比赛定期举行,虽然规格模式有略微不同,但其皆面向广大学生群体,为莘莘学子提供了锻炼能力的好机会。在准备演讲比赛的过程中,学生不仅可以有效锻炼口语,更可以培养思维能力和创新实践能力。因此,英语演讲比赛受到师生的普遍欢迎。同时,若在比赛中获奖,对学生本人而言既是对自身能力的有力认证,也能激发学生对英语学习的热情。
二、湖北理工学院大学生思辨能力研究
(一)研究对象
本研究旨在考查我院英语专业学生对自己口语表达及演讲过程思辨能力的实践的看法,为本项目的实施提供参考并提供支持数据,参加本次问卷调查的学生为外国语学院2013级和2014级英语专业共95名学生。
(二)研究问题
本研究主要探讨问题如下:(1)英语口语表达存在哪些问题?(2)影响思维能力的因素有哪些?(3)英语演讲训练能否有效培养学生的思辨能力?
(三)研究活动内容
每周二的演讲教学实践内容包括课堂讲解,演讲分析,实践演习以及讨论反馈这四个阶段。在每次正式发表演讲之前,演讲者都需提供完整的且符合要求的演讲提纲,包括中心论点,演讲目的,论据,结论等内容。目的是指出学生在那些方面存在思辨能力缺失以及造成问题的原因有那些;播放历届“外研社”杯全国大学生英语演讲比赛视频等资源,开展小组活动,进行微演讲,其中包括命题和即兴演讲等。
(四)调查工具
问卷调查和英语演讲课堂教学活动考查。
(五)调查结果与分析
通过此次研究发现:(1)影响学生口语表达能力主要体现在基本功训练量不够,基础不够扎实;平时积累的词汇量较少影响口语流利度;知识面狭窄,平日阅读训练量不够,言之无物等。(2)大多受测试学生在口语表达和演讲过程中出现思维混乱等“思辨缺席”的现象,这主要是由于缺乏分析、综合、判断、推理、思考和辨析能力造成的(黄源深,1998)。如“纸质书优于电子书?”这个话题中,同学在比较纸质书与电子书的优劣时,将电子书的盗版风险同纸质书便于复习的优点结合在一起对比,却忽视了正版电子书相对于纸质书而言可能存在的优势,这就反映了学生可能在分析及推理方面存在一定的缺陷;(3)通过对受试同学们的问卷调查中表示同学们尤其是有过比赛经历的同学们对演讲活动及比赛这一模式广泛认可和建议推广,希望能经常参加演讲训练和进行不同主题的开放性思考和交流。
三、英语演讲对专业学生创新思维能力培养的促进作用
(一)英语演讲培训
对英语专业学生思维能力的培养,本项目组成员主要通过“以思辨训练、多元文化导入为特征的英语演讲STUDIO培训模式”。STUDIO一词主要来源于Situated(情景化),Thinking(思维、思辨),Universal(全球化),Debating(q论),Improvisation(即兴演讲)和Optimization(最优化)的首字母组合。本训练模式分为四个方面:(1)基本功训练。涵盖英语语音、语调的学习与纠正,以及对著名演讲、故事和小说的朗读。(2)即兴演讲训练。主要针对当下最热门的话题进行训练。(3)辩论技巧的训练。(4)心理素质的提高。包括参加各种演讲辩论比赛等。
(二)英语演讲比赛中学生创新思维能力的体现
STUDIO培训模式在方法上的创新是以“思维导图”(MINDMAP)和“PHONICS自然拼读法”为主要标志。“思维导图”最早是由“大脑先生”闻名国际的英国心理学家托尼・巴赞于1970年提出的。思维导图可以改进人的学习能力和思维模式,在演讲比赛过程中由于经过了思维导图方式的培训,学生能将自己的观点自然的表达出来并且能够加强记忆。在即兴演讲以及回答问题环节学生的逻辑以及表达方式明显更强,思辨能力明显提高。
四、多模态视角下的大学生英语演讲训练思路
为了更有效地提高英语专业学生的创新实践能力,Studio英语演讲培训充分利用多模态的环境,使本项目组成员在演讲培训训练过程中充分利用了网络平台进行了交互式学习,从而达到良好的效果。
(一)利用网络资源平台,进行个性化训练学习
由于现有的演讲比赛网络平台和众多的英语学习网站能为项目组成员提供丰富的视频和音频资源,具备较强的交互性,通过生动有趣的视频画面和语音刺激学生的视听觉器官,使学生乐于接受不断强化的培训训练,激发了培训者的竞争意识和训练的积极性。与此同时,我院自主学习中心的雅信达等资源平台也为本项目成员提供了学习便利,每周一次的网络自主学习和情境化演讲模拟使培养效果显著。
(二)参加互联网演讲选拔赛,强化创新实践意识
由于信息技术的广泛使用和多模态环境的构建,大学生英语演讲比赛模式有了创新性质变化,从2012年的外研社杯全国大学生英语演讲比赛开始除了传统的校园赛外,还增加了网络选拔赛,这无疑鼓励和吸引了更多的学院选手参赛和对演讲培训的推广。本项目所有成员都将把握此契机,在多模态环境中进行了为期近一年的Studio演讲培训指导下根据2016年比赛演讲进行视频录像,完成演讲稿,模拟现场录音,将其上传至比赛官方网站进行比赛。团队成员的这种参赛方式,充分体现了成员的创新实践意识,为大学生创新能力的发展提供了新的思路。
五、结语
综上所述,多模态视环境下的大学生英语演讲训练思路可以培养思维能力和创新实践能力。学生通过网络化自主学习培训之后在参加校园内演讲比赛或是互联网络比赛时学生的思维能力明显得到提高,教师也应该对网络成果信息资源进行有效整合,使学生对英语演讲知识合技能进行整体性认知,从而有效大学生创新思维能力培养。
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