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【关键词】 川芎嗪注射液; 腹膜间皮细胞; 高糖; ⅰ型胶原; 基质金属蛋白酶?1; 基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂?1; 体外实验
zhu gs, he js. j chin integr med. 2009; 7(1): 65?69.
received june 18, 2008; accepted july 22, 2008; published online january 15, 2009.
indexed/abstracted in and full text link?out at pubmed. journal title in pubmed: zhong xi yi jie he xue bao.
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doi: 10.3736/jcim20090110open access
effects of ligustrazine injection on high glucose?induced type ⅰ collagen, matrix metalloproteinase?1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase?1 expressions in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro
gui?song zhu, jin?song he
department of nephrology, the affiliated drum tower hospital, nanjing university medical school, nanjing, jiangsu province 210008, china
objective: to investigate the effects of ligustrazine injection on type ⅰ collagen, matrix metalloproteinase?1 (mmp?1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase?1 (timp?1) expressions in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hpmcs) cultured in high glucose conditions.
methods: hpmcs were isolated from human omenta by trypsin digestion method and subcultured. then, the hpmcs were divided into normal control group, high glucose group and high glucose plus low?, medium? and high?dose ligustrazine (10, 20 and 40 mg/l ligustrazine respectively) groups. semi?quantitative reverse transcription?polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expressions of type ⅰ collagen, mmp?1 and timp?1 mrnas in hpmcs. proteins of type ⅰ collagen, mmp?1 and timp?1 in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). cell protein concentration was measured by trace bicinchoninic acid method to correct the elisa assay results.
results: ligustrazine injection could significantly decrease high glucose?induced type ⅰ collagen and timp?1 expressions in a dose?dependent manner both in protein and gene levels (p<0.05, p<0.01). in addition, medium? and high?dose ligustrazine injection could significantly increase mmp?1 expression which was inhibited by high glucose concentrations (p<0.05).
conclusion: ligustrazine injection does not only decrease type ⅰ collagen synthesis, but also promote its degradation by modulating unbalanced mmp?1/timp?1 expression in hpmcs cultured in high glucose conditions.
keywords: ligustrazine injection; human peritoneal mesothelial cells; high glucose; type ⅰ collagen; matrix metalloproteinase?1; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase?1; in vitro
腹膜纤维化是腹膜透析治疗的主要并发症,最终导致腹膜功能衰竭,这是腹膜透析患者退出治疗的主要原因[1]。腹膜纤维化以细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ecm)的过度沉积为特点[2]。研究表明,ecm的过度沉积是由于ecm合成与降解失衡而引起[3]。ⅰ型胶原是腹膜纤维化中主要的ecm[4],其降解过程受基质金属蛋白酶?1(matrix metalloproteinase?1, mmp?1)及其特异性抑制剂金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂?1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase?1, timp?1)调控[5]。有研究证实,高糖能上调腹膜间皮细胞(human peritoneal mesothelial cells, hpmcs)ⅰ型胶原和timp?1的表达,降低mmp?1活性[3]。本研究通过观察川芎嗪注射液对高糖刺激下hpmcs ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1表达的影响,探讨川芎嗪在防治腹膜纤维化中的作用及其机制。
1 材料和方法
1.1 试剂和主要仪器 川芎嗪注射液(江苏苏中药业集团股份有限公司,批准号为国药准字h20020630);50%葡萄糖注射液(江苏方强制药厂,批号为200710111)。磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered solution, pbs)、胎牛血清(fetal calf serum, fcs)、trizol和rpmi?1640粉剂等(gibco公司);胰蛋白酶和琼脂糖粉等(promega公司);ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay, elisa)试剂盒(adl公司);二喹啉甲酸(bicinchoninic acid, bca)蛋白含量检测试剂盒(南京凯基生物科技公司);ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1、timp?1和β?actin引物,m?mlv第一链cdna合成试剂盒和taq酶等(invitrogen公司);抗细胞角蛋白抗体、抗细胞波形蛋白抗体、第ⅷ因子抗体和抗白细胞cd45抗体(北京中山生物技术有限公司)。nu?2500e二氧化碳培养箱(nuaire公司);全自动酶标仪(biobank公司);生物电泳图像分析系统(上海复日科技有限公司)。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 hpmcs的培养与鉴定 取来自南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院普外科择期腹部手术患者(排除尿毒症、腹膜炎)捐献的大网膜组织,按文献[3]方法原代培养hpmcs,按1?3传代,第3代细胞用于实验,每次实验均由来自3个患者的标本进行3次独立实验。倒置相差显微镜观察hpmcs呈多边形,似铺路鹅卵石样外观;免疫组化鉴定抗细胞角蛋白抗体和抗波形蛋白抗体染色阳性,抗第ⅷ因子抗体和抗白细胞cd45抗体染色阴性。
1.2.2 实验步骤和分组 hpmcs用含1%fcs的rpmi?1640培养液同步培养24 h后分为5组(每组设3个样本):正常组(完全培养液)、高糖对照组(2.5%葡萄糖)和高糖(2.5%葡萄糖)加低、中、高剂量川芎嗪(10、20和40 mg/l)组。各组完全培养液均为含有15% fcs的rpmi?1640培养液。细胞置于37 ℃、5% co2培养箱培养48 h。
1.2.3 elisa法检测细胞上清液中ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1含量 分组干预48 h后,离心收集上清液,按elisa试剂盒说明书检测ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1表达水平。用0.1 mol/l naoh溶解细胞沉淀,bca蛋白检测试剂盒测定细胞沉淀中蛋白质浓度,用相应蛋白质浓度结果校正检测结果。
1.2.4 半定量rt?pcr 分组处理同上。采用trizol一步法提取总rna,2 μg总rna进行逆转录合成cdna,50 μl反应体系进行pcr扩增,以β?actin作内参照(引物序列及反应条件见表1)。1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(110 v,15 min)进行pcr产物鉴定,电泳图像分析仪扫描分析,mrna相对含量用其pcr产物吸光值(absorance, a)与β?actin a值的比值表示。引物及pcr反应条件见表1。
1.3 统计学方法 实验数据用x±s表示,采用spss 15.0软件进行统计分析,组间差异比较采用单因素方差分析,两组间均数比较采用lsd?t检验。检验水准α=0.05。 表1 ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1、timp?1和β?actin引物序列及pcr反应条件
2 结 果
2.1 上清液中ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1蛋白质水平 与正常组比较,高糖对照组上清液中ⅰ型胶原和timp?1含量显著升高(p<0.01),mmp?1含量显著下降(p<0.01);与高糖对照组比较,低、中和高剂量川芎嗪组上清液中的ⅰ型胶原和timp?1含量显著降低(p<0.05, p<0.01),且两者均呈量效关系,中、高剂量川芎嗪组上清液mmp?1含量显著增加(p<0.01)。见表2。表2 各组上清液中ⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1蛋白质表达
2.2 hpmcsⅰ型胶原、mmp?1和timp?1 mrna的表达 与正常组比较,高糖对照组hpmcs ⅰ型胶原/β?actin mrna和timp?1/β?actin mrna分别上升(15.43±0.83)倍和(4.19±0.09)倍(p<0.01),mmp?1/β?actin mrna下降(86.9±0.44)%(p<0.01);与高糖对照组相比,低、中、高剂量川芎嗪组ⅰ型胶原/β?actin mrna和timp?1/β?actin mrna表达水平均显著下调(p<0.05),两者均呈量效关系,中、高剂量川芎嗪组mmp?1/β?actin mrna表达显著增加(p<0.05)。见图1和图2。
3 讨 论
高糖透析液导致ecm过度沉积是腹膜纤维化的病理基础[2],研究表明,高糖不仅增加hpmcsⅰ型胶原的表达,并且引起ⅰ型胶原降解酶系mmp?1/timp?1的表达失衡[3]。我们的研究结果与之基本相同,此外我们发现,川芎嗪能显著对抗高糖的上述作用。
在生理条件下,hpmcs可以产生一定量的ecm和mmps/timps[3, 6]。mmps是降解ecm的蛋白水解酶系,几乎能降解全部ecm成分。timps是内源性分泌蛋白,作为mmps的特异性抑制因子,其n'端可与相应的mmps催化活性中心的锌离子结合而抑制其催化活性[7]。本实验通过研究川芎嗪对hpmcs在高糖刺激下主要ecm ⅰ型胶原及其降解酶系mmp?1/timp?1分泌及表达的影响,旨在探讨川芎嗪对hpmcs在高糖环境下ⅰ型胶原的合成和降解的干预作用及其机制。结果显示,川芎嗪能显著降低高糖所致的ⅰ型胶原的过度合成,同时显著下调timp?1的表达,增加mmp?1的表达,提示川芎嗪亦能通过调节mmp?1/timp?1的平衡,从而促进ⅰ型胶原的降解,减少ecm沉积。由此我们推测,川芎嗪可能具有预防或延缓腹膜纤维化的作用。
川芎嗪是中药川芎的有效成分之一,属酰胺类生物碱,具有活血化瘀的功效。药理实验证明,川芎嗪具有扩张血管、改善微循环、调节免疫和钙离子拮抗的作用[8]。目前川芎嗪抑制ⅰ型胶原、timp?1和增加mmp?1表达的机制尚不清楚。以往的研究发现这可能与抑制转化细胞生长因子β1(transforming growth factor?β1, tgf?β1)表达有关[9, 10]。tgf?β1是重要的致纤维化细胞因子,参与了腹膜纤维化的病理过程[2]。tgf?β1可增加ⅰ型胶原的合成,并且抑制mmps的活性而激活timps,使ⅰ型胶原降解减少[3, 11]。有研究报道,川芎嗪能降低多种细胞如心肌细胞、肝细胞和血管内皮细胞的胶原合成和timp?1表达,而增加mmp?1的分泌和表达,进一步的研究发现这可能是通过抑制tgf?β/smads信号传导通路继而抑制tgf?β1表达的结果[9, 10, 12]。我们前期研究证实,川芎嗪能下调高糖致hpmcs tgf?β1的表达(文章待发表)。因此我们推测,川芎嗪抑制tgf?β1的表达可能是其抑制hpmcs ⅰ型胶原合成和调整mmp?1/timp?1表达平衡的机制之一,其具体机制将是我们下一步要研究的内容。
综上所述,川芎嗪能抑制高糖致hpmcs ⅰ型胶原的过度合成,并且通过调节mmp?1/timp?1的平衡,促进ⅰ型胶原降解,从而减少ecm的沉积,防止腹膜纤维化的发生和发展。因此,川芎嗪可能具有预防或延缓腹膜纤维化的作用,这对腹膜纤维化的机制及其防治的研究有一定借鉴和应用价值。
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