公务员期刊网 精选范文 英语童话范文

英语童话精选(九篇)

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英语童话

第1篇:英语童话范文

第一幕:

(旁白):在美丽的大森林里,住着一群可爱的小动物,它们快乐的生活着。小熊要在新年这天邀请朋友们做客,一大清早,小熊们就开始忙里忙外了。

(音乐起,房子,树,小熊上场)

house: happy new year. we are house.

trees: we are trees. happy new year.

tree: i’m tree.

tree: i’m green.

tree: i’m tree.

trees: we’re the forest.

(树后退至背景处)

bear1: happy new year. my name’s pat. i’m big brother.

bear2: my name’s frank. this is my car. i can drive a car.

bear3: i’m bob. i’m a good boy. i’m a good boy.

bear4: i’m tom. i like riding a bike.

bear5: i’m joe. i like playing football.

bear6:i’m ken. i’m a little boy. i can draw.

(熊爸爸,熊妈妈上场)

dady:i’m their father.

mumy:i’m their mother.

bears: morning, mum. morning, dady.

(bears唱my mother,my father.)

mumy:let’s have a rest, ok? children.

bears: ok! yes! (下场)

mumy dady:today’s new year. we are going to play a host. let’s get ready.

第二幕:小熊的朋友上场。

1. 音乐起,花上场。

flower: i’m red flower.

flower: i’m yellow flower.

flower: i’m purple flower.

flower: i’m blue flower.

flower: i’m pink flower.

flowers: we’re flowers.

dady:hello, flowers. welcome!

flowers: hello, little bears.

dady:how are you?

flowers: fine,thank you. and you?

dady:i’m fine,thanks. come in,please.

flowers: thank you.

(花退至背景)

2.音乐起兔上

rabbit1: i’m rabbit.

rabbit2: i’m little rabbit.

rabbit3: i’m rabbit, too.

rabbits: we’re rabbits.

rabbit: lillte bear要请客,我们去做客。let’s go.

rabbits: ok!

(敲门)

mumy:who are you?

rabbits: we are rabbits. may i come in?

mumy:come in,please.

how are you?

flowers: fine,thank you. and you?

dady:i’m fine,thanks. come in,please.

rabbits:thank you.

dady:let’s play.

rabbits: ok!

(song: jump, jump, jump.)

3.

monkey1: i’m monkey. i can climb.

monkey2: i’m monkey.

monkey3: i’m monkey, too.

monkey4: i can climb up the tree.

monkeys: we are monkeys.

( )

mumy: who are you?

monkeys: we are monkeys. may i come in?

mumy: come in,please.

dady: glad to meet you.

monkeys: glad to meet you, too. bananas, bananas, yellow bananas.

here you are.

dady:thank you.

mumy dady: let’s sing. let’s dance.

monkeys: ok!

(sing and dance: climb, climb, climb.)

4.

elephant1: i have a long nose.

elephant2: please guess. what am i?

elephant, elephant, big elephant.

elephant3: yes. do you like me?

yes.

i like little elephant.

i like elephant, too.

elephant: today’s new year.

mumy: happy new year.

elephants: happy new year.

dady: come in, please.

elephants: thank you.

5.

tiger, tiger

wow,wow!

tiger1: i’m tiger.

tiger2: i’m tiger, too.today’s new year.

tiger1:

tigers: open the door! open the door!

dady mumy: no, no, go away, go away.

tigers: i have no friends.

6.

panda1: i’m panda.

panda2: i’m panda, too.

panda3: i’m panda, too.

pandas: we’re pandas. today’s new year. happy new year!

mumy: hello,pandas. happy new year!

pandas: happy new year!

mumy: come in, please.

pandas: thank you!

7.

bird1: i’m bird.

bird2: i’m bird. i can sing in the tree.

bird3: i’m bird, too.

birds: we’re birds. today’s new year. happy new year!

dady: hi, birds! how are you?

birds: fine,thank you. and you?

dady:i’m fine,thanks. come in,please.

birds:thank you.

dady:let’s play.

birds: ok!

(song: little bird can sing in the tree.)

8.

fish1: i’m fish.

fish2: i’m fish, too.

fish: we’re fish. today’s new year. happy new year!

fish1:frog,frog! let’s go together, ok?

frog1: ok! frogs,frogs! let’s go! let’s go!

frogs: let’s go! let’s go!

dady,mumy:

frogs: happy new year! happy new year!

dady,mumy: happy new year! come in,please. my good friends.

9.

tigers: i have no friends. little bear! little bear!

dady,mumy: what?

tigers: let’s be friends, ok?

dady,mumy: let’s be friends, ok?

ok!

dady,mumy: tigers, come in, please.

第三幕:(小熊端上水果)

bear: apples,apples, red apples.

apples,apples, red apples.

bear: bananas, bananas, yellow bananas.

bananas, bananas, yellow bananas.

bear:pears, pears, yellow pears.

pears, pears, yellow pears.

bear:grapes, grapes, purple grapes.

grapes, grapes, purple grapes.

众唱:apples are red. apples are sweet.

i like red and sweet apples.

第2篇:英语童话范文

阅读是教师、学生、文本这三个主体之间进行互动的过程,是培养学生语言素养,发展学生语言个性的沃土。在小学阶段的英语教学中,由于外语教学对象的特殊性,如何有针对、有区别、有侧重、有个性地开展英语阅读教学,是广大英语教师挥之不去的“心头病”。笔者结合自身多年的从教经验,尝试以小学生们喜闻乐见的童话形象、童话故事为载体,为这些充满想象力与创造力的学生们提供富有趣味性、实践性与拓展性的“阅读大餐”。

一、童话阅读趣昧性,贴近学生提效率

童话阅读材料具有体裁丰富,形式多样的特点,有很强的趣味性,符合小学生的心理和年龄特征。由此,在英语阅读教学设计中,笔者有意识地将童话元素渗透到教学设计中,拉近学生与教学内容之间的距离,消除学生们对英语阅读的畏惧心理,使英语阅读课堂充满天真烂漫的童趣,充满童言无忌的讨论,从而提高英语阅读效率。

教学完译林版小学英语四年级上册Unit 1 I like dogs这单元后,笔者考虑到本单元的教学内容都是围绕着“I like dogs”展开,因而,在教学导入环节,笔者利用多媒体课件呈现了一则童话故事“Go away,Flobby”,依托图文并茂的绘本呈现故事情节,引导学生从主人公对小狗Flobby的情感变化(从“Go away!”的厌烦驱赶到“We are sorry!”的真心道歉),深入理解大家对小狗的喜爱,从而吸引学生们的注意力,激发学生们对小动物的喜爱之情,以趣味横生的绘本童话顺水推舟地导入本课教学,使得教学过渡更为自然。

二、童话阅读实践性,角色扮演练口语

培养学生的语言运用能力是义务教育阶段英语教学的总目标,文本阅读作为贯穿英语教学始终的重要环节,对于培养学生的口语表达能力与语言运用能力具有十分重要的教学意义。由此,笔者在教学过程中,常常通过童话情境再现、童话角色扮演等活动,为学生们提供语言实践的机会与平台,从而提高学生们的语言素养。

在教学译林版小学英语三年级上册Unit 4 My family这单元时,笔者考虑到“family”这个词无论是在阅读教学还是口语实践中都具有十分广泛的应用价值。因此,在本单元的教学过程中,笔者插入英语童话故事“Bear’s busy family”,引导学生们通过猜测故事情节、复述故事内容,提高对于故事内容的理解。在此基础上,笔者“趁热打铁”引导学生开展以童话故事为背景的小组角色扮演活动,在这个活动中,要求学生选取故事中的情节,进行角色扮演,在扮演过程中要求加入相应的表情、动作,并注意语音语调,同时,鼓励学生进行创造性的改编,并在活动之后,开展小组间的“童话情境大比拼”活动,对学生的角色扮演情况进行组间评价,选出“最佳小组拍档”,并将成绩纳入形成性评价量表中。

三、童话阅读拓展性,借鉴结构促写作

文学家罗曼·罗兰曾说过,和书籍在一起,永远不会叹气。这就要求我们要将阅读内化为学生自觉的学习习惯与生活习惯,拓展为学生自觉的学习活动。在小学英语教学中,笔者尝试以童话阅读开始学生的英语写作教学,引导学生借鉴童话中的语言结构,尝试进行简单的写作,为他们今后更加系统的英语学习奠定基础。

教学译林版小学英语四年级Unit 5 0ur new home这单元后,为了实现教学的拓展性,提高学生的综合语言运用能力,笔者设计了一个手脑并用的教学实践活动——“画个小屋,说说话”。在这个教学实践活动中,笔者引导学生以小组为单位,拿起手中的画笔,画出心目中最漂亮的新房子,并根据所绘作品,结合本单元所学知识,写一个小小的童话故事,让漂亮的新房子更加热闹。在这个小组拓展活动中,学生的积极性都很高,有学生出谋划策设计小屋,有学生拿起画笔认真画图,有学生七嘴八舌地讨论故事情节,十分热闹,从而实现了口头表达与书面表达的双训练。

第3篇:英语童话范文

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a king who had a great forest near his castle, full of all kinds of wild animals. One day he

sent out a huntsman to shoot a deer, but the huntsman did not come back again.

"Perhaps he has had an accident," said the king, and the following day he sent out two other huntsmen who were to search

for him, but they did not return either. Then on the third day, he summoned all his huntsmen, and said, "Search through the

whole forest, and do not give up until you have found all three."

But none of these came home again either, nor were any of the hounds from the pack that they had taken with them ever

seen again.

From that time on, no one dared to go into these woods, and they lay there in deep quiet and solitude1, and all that one

saw from there was an occasional eagle or hawk2 flying overhead.

This lasted for many years, when an unknown huntsman presented himself to the king seeking a position, and he volunteered

to go into the dangerous woods.

The king, however, did not want to give his permission, and said, "It is haunted in there. I am afraid that you will do

no better than did the others, and that you will never come out again."

The huntsman answered, "Sir, I will proceed at my own risk. I know nothing of fear."

The huntsman therefore set forth3 with his dog into the woods. It was not long before the dog picked up a scent4 and wanted

to follow it, but the dog had run only a few steps when it came to a deep pool, and could go no further. Then a naked arm

reached out of the water, seized the dog, and pulled it under.

When the huntsman saw that, he went back and got three men. They returned with buckets and baled out the water. When they

could see to the bottom, there was a wild man lying there. His body was brown like rusty5 iron, and his hair hung over his

face down to his knees. They bound him with cords and led him away to the castle.

Everyone was greatly astonished at the wild man. The king had him put into an iron cage in his courtyard, forbidding, on

pain of death, that the cage door be opened. The queen herself was to safeguard the key.

From this time forth everyone could once again go safely into the woods.

The king had a son of eight years. One day he was playing in the courtyard, and during his game his golden ball fell into

the cage.

The boy ran to the cage and said, "Give me my ball."

"Not until you have opened the door for me," answered the man.

"No," said the boy, "I will not do that. The king has forbidden it," and he ran away.

The next day he came again and demanded his ball.

The wild man said, "Open my door," but the boy would not do so.

On the third day the king had ridden out hunting, and the boy went once more and said, "Even if I wanted to, I could not

open the door. I do not have the key."

Then the wild man said, "It is under your mother's pillow. You can get it there."

The boy, who wanted to have his ball back, threw all caution to the wind, and got the key. The door opened with

difficulty, and the boy pinched his finger. When it was open, the wild man stepped out, gave him the golden ball, and hurried

away.

The boy became afraid. He cried out and called after him, "Oh, wild man, do not go away, or I shall get a beating."

The wild man turned around, picked him up, set him on his shoulders, and ran into the woods.

When the king came home he noticed the empty cage and asked the queen how it had happened. She knew nothing about it, and

looked for the key, but it was gone. She called the boy, but no one answered.

The king sent out people to look for him in the field, but they did not find him. Then he could easily guess what had

happened, and great sorrow ruled at the royal court.

After the wild man had once more reached the dark woods, he set the boy down from his shoulders, and said to him, "You

will never again see your father and mother, but I will keep you with me, for you have set me free, and I have compassion6 for

you. If you do what I tell you, it will go well with you. I have enough treasures and gold, more than anyone in the world."

He made a bed of moss7 for the boy, upon which he fell asleep. The next morning the man took him to a spring and said,

"Look, this golden spring is as bright and clear as crystal. You shall sit beside it, and take care that nothing falls into

it, otherwise it will be polluted. I shall come every evening to see if you have obeyed my order."

The boy sat down at the edge of the spring, and saw how sometimes a golden fish and sometimes a golden snake appeared

from within, and took care that nothing fell into it. As he was thus sitting there, his finger hurt him so fiercely that he

involuntarily put it into the water. He quickly pulled it out again, but saw that it was completely covered with gold.

However hard he tried to wipe the gold off again, it was to no avail.#p#

That evening Iron Hans came back, looked at the boy, and said, "What has happened to the spring?"

"Nothing, nothing," he answered, holding his finger behind his back, so the man would not be able to see it.

But the man said, "You have dipped your finger into the water. This time I will let it go, but be careful that you do not

again let anything else fall in."

Very early the next morning the boy was already sitting by the spring and keeping watch. His finger hurt him again, and

he rubbed it across his head. Then unfortunately a hair fell down into the spring. He quickly pulled it out, but it was

already completely covered with gold.

Iron Hans came, and already knew what had happened. "You have let a hair fall into the spring," he said. "I will overlook

this once more, but if it happens a third time then the spring will be polluted, and you will no longer be able to stay with

me."

On the third day the boy sat by the spring and did not move his finger, however much it hurt him. But time passed slowly

for him, and he looked at the reflection of his face in the water. While doing this he bent8 down lower and lower, wanting to

look straight into his eyes, when his long hair fell from his shoulders down into the water. He quickly straightened himself

up, but all the hair on his head was already covered with gold, and glistened9 like the sun. You can imagine how frightened

the poor boy was. He took his handkerchief and tied it around his head, so that the man would not be able to see his hair.

When the man came, he already knew everything, and said, "Untie10 the handkerchief."

The golden hair streamed forth, and no excuse that the boy could offer was of any use.

"You have failed the test, and you can stay here no longer. Go out into the world. There you will learn what poverty is.

But because you are not bad at heart, and because I mean well by you, I will grant you one thing: If you are ever in need, go

into the woods and cry out, 'Iron Hans,' and then I will come and help you. My power is great, greater than you think, and I

have more than enough gold and silver."

Then the prince left the woods, and walked by beaten and unbeaten paths on and on until at last he reached a great city.

There he looked for work, but he was not able to find any, because he had not learned a trade by which he could make a

living. Finally he went to the castle and asked if they would take him in.

The people at court did not at all know how they would be able to use him, but they took a liking11 to him, and told him to

stay. Finally the cook took him into service, saying that he could carry wood and water, and rake up the ashes.

Once when no one else was at hand, the cook ordered him to carry the food to the royal table. Because he did not want

them to see his golden hair, he kept his cap on. Nothing like this had ever before happened to the king, and he said, "When

you approach the royal table you must take your hat off."

"Oh, sir," he answered, "I cannot. I have an ugly scab on my head."

Then the king summoned the cook and scolded him, asking him how he could take such a boy into his service. The cook was

to send him away at once. However, the cook had pity on him, and let him trade places with gardener's boy.

Now the boy had to plant and water the garden, hoe and dig, and put up with the wind and bad weather.

Once in summer when he was working alone in the garden, the day was so hot that he took his hat off so that the air would

cool him. As the sun shone on his hair it glistened and sparkled. The rays fell into the princess's bedroom, and she jumped

up to see what it was.

She saw the boy and called out to him, "Boy, bring me a bouquet12 of flowers."

He quickly put on his cap, picked some wildflowers, and tied them together.

As he was climbing the steps with them, the gardener met him and said, "How can you take the princess a bouquet of

such common flowers? Quick! Go and get some other ones, and choose only the most beautiful and the rarest ones."

"Oh, no," replied the boy, the wild ones have a stronger scent, and she will like them better."

When he got into the room, the princess said, "Take your cap off. It is not polite to keep it on in my presence."

He again responded, "I cannot do that. I have a scabby head."

She, however, took hold of his cap and pulled it off. His golden hair rolled down onto his shoulders, and it was a

magnificent sight. He wanted to run away, but she held him by his arm, and gave him a handful of ducats. He went away with

them, but he did not care about the gold.

He took the gold pieces to the gardener, saying, "I am giving these things to your children for them to play with."

The next day the princess called to him again, asking him to bring her a bouquet of wildflowers. When he went in with it,

she immediately grabbed at his cap, and wanted to take it away from him, but he held it firmly with both hands. She again

gave him a handful of ducats. He did not want to keep them, giving them instead to the gardener for his children to play

with. On the third day it was no different. She was not able to take his cap away from him, and he did not want her gold.

Not long afterwards, the country was overrun by war. The king gathered together his people, not knowing whether or not

fight back against the enemy, who was more powerful and had a large army.

Then the gardener's boy said, "I am grown up, and I want to go to war as well. Just give me a horse."

The others laughed and said, "After we have left, then look for one by yourself. We will leave one behind for you in the

stable."

After they had left, he went into the stable, and led the horse out. It had a lame13 foot, and it limped higgledy-hop,

higgledy-hop.

Nevertheless he mounted it, and rode away into the dark woods. When he came to the edge of the woods, he called "Iron

Hans" three times so loudly that it sounded through the trees.

The wild man appeared immediately, and said, "What do you need?"

"I need a strong steed, for I am going to war."#p#

"That you shall have, and even more than you are asking for."

Then the wild man went back into the woods, and before long a stable-boy came out of the woods leading a horse. It was

snorting with its nostrils14, and could hardly be restrained. Behind them followed a large army of warriors15, outfitted16 with

iron armor, and with their swords flashing in the sun.

The youth left his three-legged horse with the stable-boy, mounted the other horse, and rode at the head of the army.

When he approached the battlefield, a large number of the king's men had already fallen, and before long the others would

have to retreat. Then the youth galloped17 up with his iron army and attacked the enemies like a storm, beating down all who

opposed him. They tried to flee, but the youth was right behind them, and did not stop, until not a single man was left.

However, instead of returning to the king, he led his army on a roundabout way back into the woods, and then called for

Iron Hans.

"What do you need?" asked the wild man.

"Take back your steed and your army, and give me my three-legged horse again."

It all happened just as he had requested, and he rode home on his three-legged horse.

When the king returned to his castle, his daughter went to meet him, and congratulated him for his victory.

"I am not the one who earned the victory," he said, "but a strange knight18 who came to my aid with his army."

The daughter wanted to hear who the strange knight was, but the king did not know, and said, "He pursued the enemy, and I

did not see him again."

She asked the gardener where his boy was, but he laughed and said, "He has just come home on his three-legged horse. The

others have been making fun of him and shouting, 'Here comes our higgledy-hop back again.' They also asked him, 'Under what

hedge have you been lying asleep all this time?' But he said, 'I did better than anyone else. Without me it would have gone

badly.' And then they laughed at him all the more."

The king said to his daughter, "I will proclaim a great festival. It shall last for three days, and you shall throw a

golden apple. Perhaps the unknown knight will come."

When the festival was announced, the youth went out into the woods and called Iron Hans.

"What do you need?" he asked.

"To catch the princess's golden apple."

"It is as good as done," said Iron Hans. "And further, you shall have a suit of red armor and ride on a spirited chestnut19

horse."

When the day came, the youth galloped up, took his place among the knights20, and was recognized by no one. The princess

came forward and threw a golden apple to the knights. He was the only one who caught it, and as soon as he had it, he

galloped away.

On the second day Iron Hans had outfitted him as a white knight, and had given him a white horse. Again he was the only

one who caught the apple. Without lingering an instant, he galloped away with it.

The king grew angry and said, "That is not allowed. He must appear before me and tell me his name."

He gave the order that if the knight who caught the apple, were to go away again, they should pursue him, and if he would

not come back willingly, they were to strike and stab at him.

On the third day, he received from Iron Hans a suit of black armor and a black horse, and he caught the apple again. But

when he was galloping21 away with it, the king's men pursued him, and one of them got so close to him that he wounded the

youth's leg with the point of his sword. In spite of this he escaped from them, but his horse jumped so violently that his

helmet fell from his head, and they could see that he had golden hair. They rode back and reported everything to the king.

The next day the princess asked the gardener about his boy.

"He is at work in the garden. The strange fellow has been at the festival too. He came home only yesterday evening. And

furthermore, he showed my children three golden apples that he had won."

The king had him summoned, and he appeared, again with his cap on his head. But the princess went up to him and took it

off. His golden hair fell down over his shoulders, and he was so handsome that everyone was amazed.

"Are you the knight who came to the festival every day, each time in a different color, and who caught the three golden

apples?" asked the king.

"Yes," he answered, "and here are the apples," taking them out of his pocket, and returning them to the king. "If you

need more proof, you can see the wound that your men gave me when they were chasing me. But I am also the knight who helped

you to your victory over your enemies."

"If you can perform deeds like these then you are not a gardener's boy. Tell me, who is your father?"

"My father is a powerful king, and I have as much gold as I might need."

"I can see," said the king, "that I owe you thanks. Can I do anything for you?"

"Yes," he answered. "You can indeed. Give me your daughter for my wife."

The maiden22 laughed and said, "He does not care much for ceremony, but I already had seen from his golden hair that he was

not a gardener's boy," and then she went and kissed him.

His father and mother came to the wedding, and were filled with joy, for they had given up all hope of ever seeing their

dear son again.

While they sitting at the wedding feast, the music suddenly stopped, the doors opened, and a proud king came in with a

great retinue23. He walked up to the youth, embraced him, and said, "I am Iron Hans. I had been transformed into a wild man by

a magic spell, but you have broken the spell. All the treasures that I possess shall belong to you." #p#

从前有一个国王,他的宫殿附近有一座大森林,森林里有野兽出没。有一次,他派了一个猎人出去,叫他去打一只鹿,结果一去就不复返

了。国王想:“一定是出了甚么事。”第二天他又派了两个猎人出去,让他们去找他,但他们也是一去不回。第三天,国王下令集合全体猎手

,对他们说:“你们去搜遍森林,一定要找到他们。”然而,这些人也没有一个回来,就连他们带去的一群猎狗也杳无踪影了。打那以后,再

也没有人敢冒然进入森林了,那片林地也从此死寂,只是偶儿还可看到一只老鹰在上面飞过。这样过了很多年,有个异乡的猎人,到国王那里

说他,想找到一个位置,并且自告奋勇地要到那座危险的森林里去。但是国王不允许,说:“那里面不安全,我怕你和别人一样,再不得出来

。”猎人答道:“国王,我要去冒险;我不知道害怕。”

於是猎人带着他的狗到森林里去了。没过多久,狗寻着一个野兽的足印,要去追它,但刚跑了几步,就在一处深深的泥潭边站住,不能前

进了。突然,从泥水中伸出来一条光光的手臂,一把抓住狗,把它拖进了水里。猎人见此情景,回去带来三个汉子,让他们舀水。水干见底后

,他发现那儿躺着个野人,浑身像铁锈一般呈褐色,头发长得盖过了脸,一直拖到了膝头。他们用绳子绑住了他,把他拖回宫里。全国上下对

这个野人大感惊讶,国王下令把他关进了院子里的一只铁笼子里,禁止开笼门,违者处以死刑,并且把钥匙交给了王后亲自保管。从此以后,

谁都可以放心大胆地去森林里了。

国王有个八岁的孩子,有一次在院子里游戏时,把他的金球落到了笼子里。男孩跑去,说:“把我的球递给我。”那人说:“你不先给我

把门打开,我不给。”男孩说:“不,我不干,那是国王的禁令。”於是跑开了。第二天他又来要他的球,那野人说:“打开我的门。”但那

男孩还是不肯。第三天,国王骑马去打猎,男孩又来了,说:“就是我愿意,我也不能开门,我可没有钥匙。”於是野人说:“他就在你母亲

的枕头下,你可以去拿来。”男孩太想要他的球啦,於是就不顾一切地拿出了那把钥匙。门很沉重,开门时那男孩的指头给压住了。当门开了

时,野人跑了出来,把金球给了他,便赶紧逃跑了。男孩害怕起来,他在他的后面喊道:“啊呀,野人,你别跑,不然我会挨打的。”野人一

听转过了身,把他举起来放在肩上飞快地跑进了森林。国王回家,看到了那个空笼子,便问王后是怎么回事?她说不知道,她去找那钥匙,却

发现它不在那儿了。她於是喊那男孩,也没有人应。国王马上派人出去,叫他们在野外四处寻找,但是他们没能找到。於是他们很快就猜出发

生了甚么事,宫中出现了一片悲哀声。

那野人回到了幽暗的森林里,把孩子从肩上放了下来,对他说:“你再见不着你的爹妈了,可我愿意收养你,因为你放了我,我也可怜你

。只要我说甚么你做甚么,你会过得挺好的。我叫铁汉斯,我可有好多好多的金银财宝,世界上没有谁能和我相比。”野人用苔藓为男孩铺了

张床,小傢伙在上面睡着了。第二天早上醒来,野人带他到一口井边,对他说:“你瞧,这金井明亮得像水晶一样,我派你坐在这儿守着,别

让任何东西掉下去。每天晚上我会来看你是否在执行我的命令。”男孩坐在井边上,看见井里一会儿游出一条金鱼,一会儿游出一条金蛇,注

意着没让任何东西掉进去。他就这么坐着,突然手指头痛得厉害,便情不自禁地把手伸进了水中。当他抽回指头时,发现它已完全变成金的了

,任他怎么使劲地洗都洗不掉。傍晚,铁汉斯来了,望着男孩问:“这井出了甚么事了吗?”“没有,没有。”他回答,同时把指头藏在背后

不叫野人看见。谁知野人说:“你把指头浸在水里了,不过这次就算了,可你得小心,别再让任何东西掉进去。”第二天一大早,男孩又坐在

井边看守它。他那手指又痛起来了,忍不住,他放在头上擦了一下,不幸一根头发掉进了井里。他赶紧捞出头发,可是已完全变成了金的了。

野人铁汉斯回来了,已知道发生了甚么事。“你掉了根头发在井里,”他说,“我愿意再原谅你一次,可要是再发生这样的事情,井就被玷污

了,我就不能把你留在这里了。”

第三天,男孩坐在井边,不管指头有多痛也不敢动一动。可是他觉得坐得无聊,不禁看了看映在水中的面孔。为了看得更清楚些,他身子

越伏越低,长发於是从肩上滑下来,掉进了井水中。他赶紧坐直身子,但满头的头发已变成了金子,像太阳般闪闪发光。现在可以想像出这可

怜的小傢伙有多害怕。他赶紧掏出手帕来包在头上,想不让铁汉斯瞧见。铁汉斯回来已知道了一切,对他说:“解下手帕!”於是满头的金发

都露了出来了。铁汉斯说:“你没有经受住考验,不能再留在这里。到世界上去吧,去体会贫穷是甚么滋味儿。不过你心地倒还不坏,我也希

望你好,所以也答应你一件事,你要是有甚么难处,可以到森林里来喊:'铁汉斯!'我就会来帮你。我的势力很大,大得超出你的想像,金子

我有的是!”

於是小王子离开森林,一直在有路没路的地方走着,最后来到了一座大城市,想在那里找活干,但总是找不着,而且他原来就没有学甚么

可以自谋生计的本事。最后他到了宫里,问他们是否能留他。宫里的人们不知用他做甚么,但是他们喜欢他,便叫他留下了。最后厨子收了他

做事,说可以让他挑柴担水,把灰扫成一堆。有一次,恰巧有别人在跟前,厨子叫他端饭食到国王的餐桌上,因为他不想让人看见他的金发,

所以戴着他的小帽子。国王还没有遇见过这样的事,他说:“如果你到国王餐桌跟前来,就应该脱下你的帽子。”他回答说:“啊呀,国王,

我不能够,我头上有毒瘤。”於是国王叫人喊来厨子,骂他,问他怎么可以用这样的少年给他做事,叫他马上把他打发走,但厨子对他很同情

,又叫他去当花匠。

现在那少年只得在园子里插苗浇水,锄草挖沟,忍受风吹雨打。夏天里有一回他独个在园子里干活,因为天气酷热难当,他忍不住揭下帽

子想凉快凉快。这时太阳照着他的金发,反射出明亮耀眼的光芒,光芒射到了公主卧室里面,她跳起来看这是怎么回事,一眼就看见了男孩,

就唤他:“小伙子,给我送一束花来。”他赶忙戴上小帽,採摘了些野花把它们紮成一束。他拿着花正要上楼去时,老花匠碰见了他,喝道:

“你怎么能送这么差的花给公主?快,去换些最漂亮最珍稀的来!”“唉,不用换,”他回答说,“野花更香,公主会更喜欢。”他走进公主

的卧室,她说:“摘下你的帽子,戴着帽子来见我可不合礼仪。”小伙子答道:“我不能,我是个癞头。”可公主却伸手一下摘下了他的帽子

,看见他满头金发立刻垂到肩上,看上去漂亮极了。他正要溜走,公主却抓住了他的胳膊,给了他一把金币。他并不在意这些金币,而是拿去

给了花匠,说:“我送给你的孩子,他们可以拿去玩。”第二天,公主又叫住他,让他再给她送一束野花去。他拿着花刚跨进了门,公主马上

来抓他的帽子,想摘掉它;他却用两只手死死按住不放。公主又给了他一把金币,他仍旧不想留着,又送给花匠孩子们玩。第三天情况还是一

样,公主没能摘掉他的小帽,他也不想要她的金币。

不久,这个国家有外族入侵。国王召集他的臣民,问是否能够抵抗敌人,因为敌人的势力太强大了。那少年说:“我长大了,我要一同打

仗去,请给我一匹马。”别人都笑他:“如果我们走了,你可以找一匹马玩,我们给你留一匹在栏里。”当他们出发后,他到栏里牵了那匹马

出来,发现那马有一只脚是瘸的,走起来颠颠簸簸。但是他仍然骑它到黑森林去了。他来到林边,喊了三声“铁汉斯”,声音很大,穿过了树

林。那野人马上来说:“你要甚么?”

“我要一匹壮马,因为我要去打仗。”

“那你可以得到,而且比你要的还要好些。”於是野人回到树林里,没多久便从树林里走出来一位马伕,牵着一匹骏马,它的鼻孔正在喘

气,人几乎制伏不住;后面还跟着一大群战士,全穿着盔甲,他们的剑在太阳中发光。少年把他那匹三只腿的马交给马伕,骑上那匹骏马,走

在了队伍的前面。当他走进战场的时候,国王的大部分士兵都战死了,剩下的差不多都在退却了。少年带着他的马群赶来,像狂风暴雨般攻打

敌人,把敢抵抗的全给杀了。他们要逃,但少年紧紧咬住不放,最后杀得一个不留。但是他没有回到国王那里,却引着他的队伍绕到森林前,

又去喊铁汉斯的名字。野人出来了,问他,“你要甚么?”“把你的马和你的兵收回去,把我的三条腿的马还给我。”他所要求的一切,都照

办了,於是他骑着三只腿的马回家了。当国王回到他的宫里时,他的女儿迎着他走上前去祝福他打了胜仗。他说:“那打胜仗的不是我,却是

一个不相识的骑士,他带着他的队伍来帮我。”女孩要知道那不相识的骑士是谁,但是国王说不知道:“他去追敌人,我就没再见他。”国王

向他的女儿说:“我要下令向全国宣告,一连举行三天盛大庆祝会,安排会上抛金苹果。那陌生骑士没准儿会来的。”举行庆祝会的公告发出

后,小伙子又去叫铁汉斯。“你想要甚么?”野人问。他说:“我希望接住那个金苹果。”

“没问题,你肯定会接着。”铁汉斯说:“我还要给你一套红色的铠甲,让你骑在一匹威武的枣红马上。”到了那天,一个身披红铠甲的

小伙子纵马奔进了骑士中间,没被任何人认出来。公主走到高台边上,向骑士们抛下了一个金苹果,可接着它的不是别人,正是这小伙子,然

而他一得到苹果就立刻跑开了。第二天,铁汉斯给他换了身白铠甲,让他骑上一匹白色的骏马,又是他接着了金苹果,而且他又拿着金苹果不

停片刻就跑。国王因此很生气,说:“真是岂有此理!他无论如何该来见见我,说出他的名字。”他下了命令:如果那骑士又来接了苹果就跑

,士兵们要紧紧追赶他;如果他不好好回来,就格杀勿论。第三天,小伙子从铁汉斯处得到了一套黑铠甲和一匹黑马,又接到了金苹果。可是

第4篇:英语童话范文

若是在一个国家的教育教学中,丧失了对本土传统文化的继承,那么将会使这个国家丧失自己的根本,在整体的文明和思想上找不到自己的方向,不仅会使国家建设出现混乱,全体国民也会出现民族感的迷失,所以在高职英语教育中加入传统的中国优秀文化,是中华民族实现全面伟大复兴的需求。在实行了一系列的改革措施之后,我国与世界的关系越来越紧密,国家形象与文化传播在现实中有了越来越重要的意义。将英语教育扎根于传统的中国优秀文化土壤中,使英语教育结出具有中国特色的果实,是当今时代的中国发挥国际影响力的必要措施。将英语从西方国家的背景中剥离出来,实行拿来主义,在其中注入传统中国的文化精髓,将其作为具有中国内涵的文化符号传播出去,这不仅会增进世界对中国的了解,同时也会改变国人固步自封的陋习,使国人在国际社会中的形象得到改观。另外在高职英语教育中加入传统中国的文化,其实也是对我国文化自我传承的一种方式。我国传统文化博大精深,不仅蕴含着古老的文明,还拥有着放之四海皆准的丰富而深邃的智慧。将我国古老的文明传承下去,是当下这一代人的责任,而大学生是祖国建设未来的接班人,所以通过各种方式和手段强化年轻人对我国古老文明的认知程度,具有着非比寻常的意义。

二、在高职英语教育中注入传统中国文化的措施

1.将教材的内容进行创造性的改革

不仅要将原有的方式和套路全部抛弃掉,还应该从核心思想到内容进行全方位的革新,将传统中国文化中经史子集的经典之作加入到高职英语教材的编制上,以我国古老文明为教材编写的背景,进行灵活多变的内容设计和编写,使其成为披着英语外衣的中国传统文化教材。

2.从课堂形式上进行改革

第5篇:英语童话范文

[关键词]性别歧视;称谓;词汇;

从跨文化交际学的角度上来说,每一个民族都有他自己的生活习惯、思维方式、语言心理、行为规范、价值观念和文化传统。英汉文化的内涵极为丰富,在它们之间的语义和文化的完全对等是极为少见的,但是在男女关系之间表现出来的对女性的歧视和男女地位的不平等却存在着许多异曲同工之处。

一、英汉称谓语反映的性别歧视

人类社会中体现特定的人在特定的人际关系中的特定身份角色的称呼即为称谓。这种称呼反映着一定的社会文化或特定语言环境中人与人之间的关系。人和人组成了社会关系的网络,每个人都在这张社会关系的网络总占有一定的位置,和周围的人形成一种相互关系,一个普通的称谓语在具体的交际活动中会产生丰富的社会内涵,并随着时间和场所的不同而变换着内容。

1、姓名里的性别歧视

姓名或姓氏是一种符号,它是人们借以相互区别的标志,它包括姓和名两部分。作为人类文明特有的事物,它与人的行为、社会心理、文化传统密切相关。姓名在中英文中虽然排列顺序不同(中文先姓后名,英文先名后姓),但人们在择姓取名时自觉或不自觉地把自己的主观愿望、社会态度输入其中,强调反映性别原型,即父母和社会根据不同的性别而寄寓不同的期望值。

在英语国家,孩子一般随父姓,女子取名通常体现美丽、贤淑、高洁、可爱、美德等寓意,如Faith(忠诚)、Charity(博爱)、Lily(莉莉,原意为百合花)、Susan(苏珊,源于希伯来语,表示优雅、亲切之意)、Diana(黛安娜,源于希腊语,表示优雅、美丽、高贵);而男子取名则体现坚强、勇敢、追求自由和理想、具有远大抱负等寓意,如Richard(理查德,源于撒克逊语,表示坚强有力的)、Andrew(安德鲁,源于希腊语,表示勇敢率直的)、Lewis(路易斯,源于法语,表示人民的保护神)。

在汉语中,汉字“姓”由“女”和“生”组成,产生于中国上古时代的母系社会,在那个时代,人们以母亲的姓为姓。但在后来的漫长的父权社会,妇女地位低下,依附于男性,受男性支配,姓都是从父亲那里传承来的,拥有命名权的同样是男性长者,即祖父或父亲。在古代,许多妇女不仅被剥夺了命名权,还被剥夺了拥有名字的权利,她们有姓无名,即使有名,也很少被人称呼,女性婚前常被称为“丫头”、“妞”。在现代汉语中,上述情形虽然有所改善,但期间的性别歧视仍然可见一斑,女性的名字强调阴柔之美,名字中常常含有“花”、“雅”、“秀”、“美”等,而男性的名字强调阳刚之气,名字中常常“强”、“伟”“壮”“刚”等等。

2、婚俗称谓里的性别歧视

人类从母系社会发展到父系社会,男女角色进行了再分配,“男主外,女主内”,妇女的主导地位也随之失去。

在以男性为中心的英语社会的婚俗中,结了婚的man,照样在外打天下,挣面包,呼风唤雨,而变成wife的女人,其天地则缩小到家庭,只能呆在这个狭小的空间里伺候丈夫、照顾孩子、当丈夫的陪衬和点缀。男子在家中被看作是身强力壮、主宰诸事、赡养妻小的一家之主,而女性则是依附者,妇女的存在仅仅是对男子的点缀和装饰。男士婚前称Mr.,婚后还是Mr.;而结了婚的女士就变成了wife,就会失去自己的姓名而变成“某某夫人”,就会从Miss变成Mrs.,如MaryRobert嫁给JohnSmith之后,当人们提及这对夫妇时,通常称之为Mr.andMrs.Smith,MaryRobert不仅失去了自己的姓(即父姓),而且连自己的名字也没有了。即使JohnSmith已经过世,她仍然是他的遗孀,如:John''''swidow。在古代中国,由于妇女处于从属地位,女人常采用表示地位低下的称谓来自称,如“奴”、“奴家”、“妾”、“贱妾”等,而称呼丈夫则要采用表示尊敬的称谓,如“夫君”、“郎君”、“官人”等,而男性称自己的妻子为“贱室”、“荆妇”、“内人”、“房下”等。在农村还有称“堂客”、“孩子他妈”、“他/她娘”的。当着外人提及自己的妻子时,用“屋里的”或“我那口子”或用自己的孩子的名称来称呼。过去,中国妇女出嫁以后通常以“氏”称之,即在“氏”前加上娘家的姓,如“王氏”,正式场合则在前面再加上父家的姓,如“张王氏”、“田王氏”,平时称呼时则把丈夫的姓冠之于前,像“蒋夫人”、“张大妈”,口头上叫某人的妻子时,则更有称“张家的”、“田家的”等等,而对妇女本人的姓则避而不提。目前,这种以丈夫的姓冠之于前的称呼在农村仍然很流行。而当代中国女子已不需再改称夫姓。男性在正式场合一般称呼自己的妻子为“爱人”“夫人”,但是,在一些非正式场合中,“孩子他妈”、“屋里头”这些称呼使用的仍然很广泛。

二、英汉词汇反映的性别歧视

词汇宛如化石,体现着首创和使用它们的社会中的人们的思想和认识,反映着社会万象。

1、词汇的统称现象

英语词汇中最明显地反映性别歧视的例子就是“man”一词,既有“男子”的意思,又表示“人类”,泛指所有的人;而“woman”仅是女子的意思。例如:Growingoldissomethingamanastoaccept.逐渐衰老是任何人都得承认的事实。Manismortal.人终有一死。

此外,在英语中存在大量的词,不管做工作的人是男是女,一律用“—man”来表示。例如:congressman(国会议员),spokesman(发言人),chairman(主席),draftsman(起草人),salesman(推销员),stockman(仓库管理员),postman(邮递员),policeman(警察),themaninthestreet(普通人,一般人)。

英语中有许多中性词语表示人们所从事的职业,对男女都适应,如doctor(医生)、lawyer(律师)、professor(教授)、surgeon(外科医生)等,但如果要表示女性的职业则一定要在前面加上“woman”,如womandoctor(女医生)、womanlawyer(女律师)、womanprofessor(女教授)、womansurgeon(女外科医生)等。

在汉语中,表示男性的代词或名词往往包含女性,而表示女性的代词或名词只能专指女性,如“一个人要是离开了集体,他将一事无成。”,其中的“他”指的是所有的人,而并非只指男性。再如“子孙”、“子女”实际上也包含了女性,“干部子弟”、“职工子弟”同样包含干部和职工的女儿。又如:当表示与“我们”、“你们”相对应的一群人时,通常用“他们”而不是用“她们”,“他们是一群朝气蓬勃的青少年”中的“他们”尽管可能有男有女。但汉语中却用原来表示男性的“他们”来泛指整个人群,如果用“她们”来代替句中的“他们”,则表示这一群青少年全都是女性,这就与句中的意思相去甚远,达不到预期的表达效果。

2、词义的褒男贬女

在英语里,意思完全相同的词,用在男性方面带有褒义或略带贬义,而用来描写女性就具有很强烈的贬义内涵。这种因社会文化偏见而导致的褒男贬女的现象如同一种隐形的社会文化契约,反映了人们头脑中根深蒂固的性别偏见意识。如:

Tommyiseasy.汤米平易近人。

Janeiseasy.珍妮。

Jackiscold.杰克沉着冷静。

Marryiscold.玛丽性情冷僻。

人们还常常通过对女性名词的恶化来达到性别歧视的目的,如:queen和king这一对词,queen的本义是女王,有时却被贬化为“雌猫”、“男同性恋者”,而king则指国王,无冕之王的意思;madam一词,本来是用来称呼女警察的,可它又常常被用来指妓院里的“老鸨”;callboy常指戏院里招呼演员上场人,而callgirl则指女郎。另外,女人在英语里经常用一些动物的名称来指称,如:vixen(雌狐)——悍妇,bitch(母狗)——泼妇,cat(猫)——讨厌的女人、包藏祸心的女人,cow(母牛)——既懒又蠢的女人,hen(母鸡)——尤指爱管闲事或爱讲闲话的女人。

在汉语里也有上述类似现象。相当一部分的词汇只要与女性发生联系就会产生消极、贬损的涵义,而与之相对应的男性词汇则含褒义或成为中性词。例如,称未婚大龄女青年为“老姑娘”、“老处女”,暗含脾气孤僻、难以相处、没人敢娶之为妻的意思;而称未婚大龄男青年为“单身汉”,没有任何半点贬义。

3、词序的男先女后

性别歧视不仅表现在男尊女卑、男主女从,还表现在男先女后的排列顺序上。英语里虽然没有规定“男先女后”的语言顺序,但是人们在长期的言语习惯中,通常采用男为先,女为后的语序(ladiesandgentlemen除外),如husbandandwife(夫妻)、Mr.andMrs.(先生及女士)、sonanddaughter(儿女)、brotherandsister(兄妹)、boyandgirl(男孩、女孩)、JackandJill(少年、姑娘)等等。

汉语中也有同样的情况。当男女并列出现时,男性总是排在女性的前面,如:男女、夫妇、公婆、少男少女、夫唱妇随、爷爷奶奶、叔叔阿姨、生儿育女、男欢女爱、男耕女织等等,这种排列顺序反映了社会的价值观。按汉语的排列规律,价值高的、重要的排列在先,如大小、多少、贵贱、高低等。这种男先女后的排列顺序也体现了男尊女卑思想。

三、反映的性别歧视

英语族人虔信宗教,基督教为其主要宗教。在《圣经》中有过这样的记载:上帝先造了亚当,又从亚当的身上抽了一根肋骨(rib)造了夏娃,于是就有了用Adam''''srib指代woman的用法。夏娃造出来后,亚当就说:“这是我骨头中的一块新骨,我皮肉上剥离的新肉,因为她取自于人(man)。所以,她将被称作女人(woman)”。可见从一开始,上帝就把男人放在了统治地位,女人则只能附属于“他”而存在。它视人类的母亲夏娃为诱使亚当堕落的祸水,视耶稣的母亲玛利亚为圣母。由此可见,它虽宣称上帝面前人人平等,实际上却又认为妇女比男人低一等。虽然早期基督教所宣扬的博爱平等思想使它赢得了众多的追随者,但基督教在男女关系问题上又是一个充满矛盾的宗教。如在教堂举行的婚礼上,牧师会这样宣布:Inowpronounceyoumanandwife.(not“husbandandwife”)。英语国家的宗教语言中显示的男尊女卑的思想是显而易见的。新晨

无论是我国的宗法性传统宗教道教,还是“西土”传来的佛教,都有明显歧视妇女的性别观,都视妇女为“不祥、不洁”之物从而排斥、贬低她们。如我国宗法性传统宗教中的祭祖仪式,都是由男性族长或家长主持,无论是享祭者还是在祭者都严格按照父系血统的辈份排列,女性后人不能进入本家族的祖宗系列。丧夫的妇女、再嫁的妇女、产妇、孕妇和行经期间的妇女等都无权参加祭祖。我国民间土生土长的道教,虽然其中的“太平道”也曾主张社会的“极大公平”,但这个公平是不包括妇女在内的。《太平经》说:“天法,阳教一,阴教二;故阳者奇,阴者偶;……阳者尊,阴者卑。故二阴当共事一阳,二女当共事一男也”。其中“男尊女卑”的思想一目了然,而且还为“一夫多妻”提供了“理论”根据。在国人心里占有重要地位的佛教更是将妇女贬到了社会的最低层。它视女性为“污垢、罪恶”的结晶,《阿含经》论述妇女有“九恶”:(女子)污秽不净;口恶;反复无常;好嫉妒;悭吝;喜游乐;多嗔恚;多妄语;举动轻佻。《大菩萨藏经》中还说:“妇女是众苦之本,是障害之本,是杀害之本,是系缚之本,是忧愁之本,是怨寇之本,是生育之本。应当知道,妇女是消灭圣慧之眼的。”《诸经要集》说的更狠毒:“在家的俗女多恚毒,近之则失国破家,触之则如遇蛇,其言如蜜,内心如鸩。”总之,妇女在佛教里比魔鬼还要坏上三分,他们把一切罪过都记到了妇女的头上。

社会在发展,时代在进步。文艺复兴运动和资产阶级革命解放了人们的思想,妇女的地位相应得到提高,尤其是始于19世纪的女权主义运动,为争取妇女的平等地位做出了巨大贡献,大大提高了欧美妇女的社会地位。在中国,当代的女性由于经济的独立,受教育程度越来越高,在消除性别歧视方面较以前有了很大的改善。如现在人们把害怕妻子的男人戏称为“气管炎”(“妻管严”的谐音),在朋友聚会的场合戏称自己的妻子为领导,这些都让我们看到了社会的进步,人们在逐步地改变思维方式、调整心理定势。女性越来越多地加入了竞争激烈的社会与男人共同分享社会工作,平等参政,同工同酬。但要让全社会从内心深处消除性别歧视,可谓任重道远。

[参考文献]

[1]王庆淑.中国传统习俗中的性别歧视[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995.

[2]穆凤良,李秀萍.英语中的性别歧视与中性化[J].外语与外语教学,1998,(5).

第6篇:英语童话范文

及至何紫庭作序于“咸丰乙卯蒲节后二日”(咸丰五年农历五月初七日,1855年6月20日)的《华英通语》中,已经出现了大量的洋酒名词。《华英通语》是一部用粤语标注读音的汉英词典,编撰者为子卿,生平不详,何紫庭只在序中交代“吾友子卿,从学于英人书塾者,历有年所”;何紫庭何许人也亦有待考证。但把“Look”译作“睇”、把“What”译作“乜”、把“So”译作“”、把“His”译作“”等粤语特征,及词典中的“省城”一词对应的是广州的英文名“Canton”(粤语注音“奸顿”),想必子卿应该是广东人,没准就在十三行一带活动。这部词典后被日本近代思想家福泽谕吉增补日语翻译和注音,于“万延庚申”(1860年)在日本出版《增订华英通语》,成为日本人的英语启蒙词典。

根据日本京都外国语大学图书馆收藏的《增订华英通语》快堂藏板刻本,这部词典按事物分为时节类、数目类、绸缎类、茶叶类、通商类、食物类、酒名类、器用类、百工类、各埠类、船只类等37个门类,另有按字数分类的单字类至七字类,以及长句类和单式类(表格类),这或许是中国最早一部商务英语词典。其中酒名类涉及到20多种洋酒,包括“罢兰地/Brandy”(白兰地)、“三边/Champagne”(香槟)、“啤酒/Beer”(啤酒的中文名或许是源于这部词典)、“酒/Port”(香港至今沿用,内地今译波特酒)、“白酒/White Wine”(白葡萄酒)、“红酒/Red Wine or Claret”(Claret特指波尔多红酒)、“壳酒/Hock”(霍克酒,泛指德国莱茵河地区白葡萄酒)、“吕宋白酒/Madeira”(今译马德拉酒。此酒是产自西班牙马德拉岛的一种加烈葡萄酒,只因在各埠类中,西班牙的英文名“Spain”被译作“大吕宋”)、“哑叻酒/Arrack”(产自南洋的一种蒸馏酒)、“啉酒/Rum”(朗姆酒)……至于粤语注音,有些酒名直接用粤语去读即可,比如“啉”,用粤语去读,比普通话的“朗姆”更接近“Rum”的原汁原味。喝了这么多年啤酒,我这才明白,原来“啤”也应该用粤语去说才接近“Beer”。不过奇怪的是,当时和英国人交往那么频繁,词典里居然没有威士忌。

在器用类中,还有“红酒杯/Claret Glass”,注音“加拉咧呀拉时”;“玻璃酒樽/Glass Decanter”(滗酒器),注音“呀拉时尼奸达”;“酒钻/Corkscrew”(拔塞钻),注音“各时故劳”。那么,在当时的广州,这类器用常用吗?价格如何呢?却说在最后的单式类中,附有几份格式化的模拟商业文件,其中,我们从1855年10月16日的一份“曾经收讫”货单可以得知:十九个玻璃酒樽的价格为银一员五十三仙,十二枝洋枝烛的价格为银一员。另外,从1855年8月17日的一份“祈为交还”货单还可以得知:两桶面粉银二员五十仙,三包米银六员,一埕油银一员廿五仙,一箱茶银廿四员五十仙……

第7篇:英语童话范文

【关键词】 棱角对流式 衔接技术 通风系统

现如今我国处于工业发展中阶段,对矿产资源需求量进入一个高峰期,矿产资源的供需矛盾更加凸显,矿产资源已面临耗尽的局面,采场外部建设良好,赋予设备简单的采矿机床基本已安装完成,但以后采场面临海拔低、熔岩温度高,排水难度大等难题,通风系统、扇区安装程序将会更加困难和复杂。所以,在优化通风系统时,应遵循安全可靠,建筑安装费、通风器材费最低和便于操作运输的原则,增加通风量。做到设备布局规划简单,技术与经济统一管理的局面。

1 某矿井区通风环境概述

某矿井区通风为轴承插拔样式,通风系统分为扇区式通风系统和集压限流式通风系统,矿井的回风量为43000m3/h,有效瓦斯排出量为28349m3/h(其中抽出量2202m3/h,回流量26147m3/h)。目前采矿区有四个排气口:主排气口、副排气口、斜式排气口,立式排气口。五个回风纵井。其中某回风纵井实现全面分区通风,矿井工作环境采用悬浮离地一次性采用垂直自然高度划落式机械化采矿方法,采用X环绕四周型的通风方式;挖掘工作面采用多平行面连采、连挖工艺,平行面采用横向间距20m,纵向间距17m贯通一体全封闭压缩模式结构。

2 该矿山通风系统现状及问题分析

该矿山通风系统采用棱角对流式通风,扩大了原有的覆盖面积,扇区部分位于排风口下侧220米左右,加大风速排流量,但在开采过程中,施工难度的加大,开采作业也发生相应的变化,对矿井开采深度有了进一步的延伸,致使矿井需要的风量与阻力发生较大的转变,从现状分析以及测定的结果来看主要由以下几个问题存在。

(1)接地排选用的位置不合理。应采用挂壁式接地排,与汇接线对齐用扣式纽带捆绞,安放在距扇区位置东偏南45°角大约60米的位置,此矿井的安装位置阻碍风的对流速度,达不到主井位置区的范围,造成设备散热系统损耗、负载平衡加大以及灰尘等杂质不易排出排风管道。

(2)矿井散风量大。从评测结果分析来看,该矿井的低端底层有效通风率为21.32%,拐弯点处的散风现象十分严重,根据当地部门的调查结果来看,最主要因素:①井下散热系统的散热能力达不到符合实际生产需要,导致风流量减缓。②当前矿井区地下260米中段,主要处于矿石的运输位置路线,其他中段位置作业时,产出的砂石及废料都通过副井放置到主井排风区范围内,最后通过风流量加大对设备动力系统的调节排除井口表面,所以要每隔一定距离设置预留多个溜井,以便砂石杂质直接从溜井口位置排除,减少矿井散风量。③矿井作业同时进行,造成作业面集中力度小,且大部分老化的管道不能立即封闭,以至于风流量大幅度减少。④现在大部分矿山采用的是HR直接爆破采矿法,所以矿井路段中除了主干道外,大部分支路基本未设置风流量调控措施,导致相当部分管路内的风直接从其它排风管道内被排走,造成不必要浪费。

(3)通风系统设备硬件不够齐全、控制能力达不到标准和维护周期间隔过长,以致风流量发生紊乱、管路漏风程度大,风速断流现象严重,所以,风速在路过主副井的位置时大部分流向上井管口,其中在倾斜管路容易发生回风现象,在-280m主井井口流入的风流量沿斜角坡道和副井井口直行路段通风汇聚十分困难,风流杂乱。其中风流量发生短路,相互配合不合理的原因主要表现在矿井路段多,并且同时进行开采、挖运、回填,在深度段内供应风流量达不到要求标准,不能满足生产设备动力需要,在中上部管道段内风流量短路严重,实际所需风量减少,无法满足设计规划中的需求。

(4)实际风量效率低,管路中段风流量漏风明显,开采场地通风设施差,实际获得矿井有效的风量效率为31.83%,造成有效风效率低的主要原因是各个路由段内存在少许的溜井口和排气管道口,未设置一些必要的通风建筑标石,以及未做到对管井口维护管理的职责,与此同时,施工地点的扇区与配套设施的调节不到位也是对开采场地供应风量的不足、开采场地与外界通风条件不符合标准及实际有效通风率低的主要因素。

(5)风速达标率低,实际测量的仅为22.31%,和80%的标准要求相差甚远,其最主要因素已开采完的中段和未开采的场地没有及时的包封,大部分风流量从已经结束的中段上部进入到溜井口和回风口道内,降低了工作面的风流速度,井下挖掘工作采用的是高气压涡旋式通风,需要的供风量为2.12-3.68m3/s,风量远远不足。

(6)局部地带污风再生。每个管井口3-4米处留有溜井口与上下通道贯通的部位,中段位置污风情况严重,在施工时中段管道面的污风直接排到进风口中,致使进风口的空气受到污染,施工作业难度的加大,中段多路施工作业同时进行,而主要在实平路面,溜井距施工地点较远,少部分地区面坍塌,当出现这种情况时,应采用安装地表扇区做抽风检测试验,靠主扇区自行形成的压缩拱桥贯穿通风,风流所经过的路程长,中途贯穿的风流量大,致使污风纵连现象严重,降低风流量系统循环效率。

(7)回风中段阻风率大。由于-150m总回风中段积水深达0.2m,回风中段截面积减小,增大阻风效率,与此同时,在测量标准结果中发现在-250m中段3#回风井与总贯通通路之间以及总回风路段存有裂痕现象,回风中段堵塞严重,部分要道受风面积不到原有面积的五分之二,导致回风中段阻力加大,风流无法汇至指定地点。

3 该矿通风系统仿真及优化研究

3.1 矿井通风系统的按需调整

不管是现在新建的矿井还是原来已有的矿井通风系统的改良,每次都是按照风力的风量由外向里吹,同时对风量进行调节。在逐步形成寺河矿井通风系统的情况下,进行矿井通风系统仿真。最终经过反复不断地大量试验,使风流量与矿井地区的最大风阻力保持平衡,依次进行按需调节分配,在进行合理化的调节时首先要基于功率消耗量最小原则,按照各个节点间的驱动原理对风量进行分配,利用寺河矿井通风仿真系统操作平台对寺河矿区的所有矿井进行全方位的模拟试验,经过在最后的反复调试下,终于形成了比较完善的寺河矿井通风仿真系统。

3.2 矿井通风系统风流量的分配方案

寺河矿井仿真通风系统是一个用来模拟通风通风系统构成的多元器件,集成了思科、华为、大唐、中兴等多家通信企业仿真系统,在华为仿真系统组成中,数字中继器是二层交换机与数字中继线间的接口设备。并且不需要馈电、振铃、2/5线转换和编译码功能。当采用主从或互控设备同步时,设备接口必须能从接受信号中恢复时钟提取和同步信号即数字中继的主要功能是时钟的提取、码型变换、帧同步和复帧同步等。数字中继的功能框图如图所示。当采用数字中继设备时,若设备在生产中发生不规则变动时就会引起通风设备系统相应参数的变化。通风网络也算是通风系统仿真系统中的核心组成部分,利用强大仿真系统的解算能力能够有效地解决矿井的通风问题。

根据此次项目的调查结果和测定标准,对现有通风系统的缺陷,提出以下几项实施优化方案。

(1)各个中段扇区内安装辅助风墙,做好安全防护工作,有效提高该中段内辅助扇区循环系统的再生效率。(2)施工采用扇区局部通风,抽风式扇区应按设计要求和风筒相一致,把外层风流送到施工指定定点,利于污风排出通气管道,保持主控管道清洁干燥。(3)对施工作业进行布置规划,运用前进式布置方式,在空间结构上保持中段作业超过前段施工部署规划周期,减少污染范围。(4)推动对通风建物的管理能力,随时做好需风作业点的调整,使通风量满足实际需要的安排。

4 结语

通风系统是一个不断演进变化的过程,即便在好的设计也不能一次成型,适应网络变化需要的情形,及时不断对各个操作节点进行调整(例如风机插拔线接触良好情况,设备门框开启扇角的大小及安装位置的选择等)是对通风系统正常运行的一个保障。减少阻力和风漏,同时采场也要有一批技术先进、对工作负责和善于管理知识性人才团队,以便实现一个符合当今安全生产实际需要的通风系统。

参考文献:

[1]马恒,贾进章,于凤伟.复杂网络中风流的稳定性[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2001,20(1):14-16.

[2]马恒,徐超,李宗祥等.矿井通风摩擦风阻的计算与研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(5):172:174.

[3]刘剑,贾进章,郑丹.流体网络理论[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002.9(2):152-134.

[4]陈喜山,梁晓春,李杨.金属矿山矿井通风技术的新进展[J].金属矿山,2002,(9):55-57.

第8篇:英语童话范文

看起来,在全球化语境中,中国经济的可持续发展和东方文化魅力,已经开始在更多的国家获得认同。学习汉语也与在中国获得竞争优势和巨大的商机联系了起来。一些西方国家精英更为迫切地意识到,遏阻中国崛起不仅非常危险,也几乎不可能。就此,美国马里兰大学政治学教授欧内斯特・威尔逊认为:“中美双方都在学习。中国在学习如何成长为一个新兴的国际强国,而美国则在学习如何回应认知成长中的强国。”

出现海外汉语热的同时,中国的英语热也在持续升温。但是细细考察,其中的文化心态却大不一样。海外汉语热来自民间对东方了解的热情,心态平和而充满文化对话的渴望。中国的英语热则来自教育制度和文化心态的西化权力,其中的后殖民文化意味不能不注意。

近二十年来,在强烈的西化情绪中,在国家教育制度和人才政策中,英语的重要性被空前夸大,而且在体制中被日益固化。加之舆论的渲染传播和留学热的持续升温,使得英语成为中国当代教育的高杆,左右着知识界和教育界的视线:无论是考大学读硕读博,还是评职称晋级,都需要考英语。校园里各科专业课堂上,学生们埋头背英文的现象比比皆是。因为本科生英语四级硕士英语六级的洋高杆必须跳过去,否则学位证书就会失之交臂。所有不同专业的学生都将外语看成头等大事,大学四年将近有三分之一时间花在英语的应试学习上。而硕士博士花在英文上的时间已经超过了本专业学习的时间,使得近十年中国研究生水平滑坡成为一种既定事实。

这种明显的“英语压倒汉语”的状况仍在被炒作、固化,英语的效用仍在进一步被神化,一大批术有专精的优秀人才被英语考试的高门槛堵在门外。正如有人所说:“英语已然成为第一阶级语言,汉语似乎已沦落为第二阶级语言了。”可以说,中国的多种晋级考试中,都将英语而不是汉语的语言水平作为筛选的重要尺度来衡量人才,英文考试似乎成为当代中国考场中的“新八股”,担当着“新科举”的重任。

我不反对学英语,多学一门语言对进入世界确实非常重要。但是如何把握母语和外语的学习尺度确实是个问题,如果是以英语水平作为我们的高考、硕考、博考最重要的衡量标准―――专业或母语再好,只要英语没过就都算不合格的话,那将是贻害无穷的。对英语的过分强调,表达了对母语的不自信,对专业素质的考试性歧视,同时还表现出当下教育制度的严重西化。这种按西方自然科学或社会科学方法来要求人文科学和艺术科学的做法,其危害在未来岁月中将会显现,表现为人才断根、专业深度消逝、母语自卑主义等。说到底,英语至多能作为一国文化教育的第二衡量标准,母语和专业才应该是真正第一位的。

第9篇:英语童话范文

【关键词】传统艺术语言;现代影视动画;具体运用

影视动画是一门综合的艺术,是人类寻求精神要求的产物,它主要包括:音乐、绘画、电影、动漫、文学以及摄影等。而传统的艺术语言不仅是我国民族传统文化融合和发展的产物,还一定程度上反映了我国的民族精神、民族文化以及风俗民情,是中国先进特色的艺术成果。随着社会发展的速度越来越快,传统的艺术语言显得更加具有魅力,在现代影视动画中的运用也越来越显著。现代影视动画的发展速度也在迅速加快,表现手法和方式给观众带来了较强的视觉冲击,因此如何将传统艺术语言合理运用到现代影视动画中成了业界关注的问题。完美的融合变得越来越重要。

1.传统艺术语言和现代影视动画的基本概念

1.1传统艺术语言

艺术语言是指通过多重的艺术载体来表达情绪、情感以及艺术形象,它是艺术作品形式的构成要素,艺术作品只能通过艺术语言来表达,让观众更好的认识艺术作品,没有艺术语言就没有艺术作品的体现,艺术作品的存在必须有艺术语言做承载。传统的艺术语言是中国传统艺术的变现形式,具有古典美和传统美的特色。每一类的传统艺术,在社会的发展中必定会出现符合自身特色的艺术语言。比如,电影形象能够呈现在观众面前,它是通过多个画面的连接而成;绘画艺术则是通过色彩、线条、形状、明亮等艺术语言来体现在观赏者面前。艺术语言的表现形式较多,比如夸张的、比喻的、写实的等等。所以熟练的掌握并合理的应用传统艺术语言是了解和精通艺术作用的关键。

1.2现代影视动画

现代影视动画是指现代影视的三维立体动画,将固定的物体通过三维技术的合成使其成为活动的物体,再根据动画制作形成影视需要的影像,现代影视动画设计的领域较广,包括前期的拍摄、特效创意的设计、3D效果的制作、后期的合成和特效的制作等。它是综合的艺术,是人类精神需求的产物,且具有较为丰富的表现形式。随着计算机技术的快速发展,已经慢慢深人到现代影视动画中,计算机软件的增加也给现代影视动画拓宽了制作和拍摄领域。现代影视动画发展的脚步愈来愈迅速,可以将简单的影视动画特效切换到较为复杂的场景中,给观众呈现出较为特色的动画效果。

2.传统艺术语言在现代影视动画中的具体运用

时代在发展,人类对艺术的追求也在发展,人类将传统艺术的精髓保留并创新。传统的艺术语言不只是精神的传达,更多的是给人类到来了归属感和成就感,传统的艺术语言在欧美国家以至全球的影视动画中都有体现,例如较为著名的迪斯尼动画电影《花木兰》,阐述的是中国古代的励志故事,具有中国的传统文化特色;它的表现方式是传统的艺术语言方式,将多个画面进行连接、镜头进行转接,把电影想要表达的影像利用艺术语言展现出来。现代影视动画在不同程度上运用了传统的艺术语言,它不仅从审美效果上融合了传统艺术,还从精神内涵上进行了充分运用,一定程度上给人带来了巨大的冲击力。世界的影视动画作品也越来越多的运用了传统的艺术语言,且非常突出。随着先进技术时代的到来,影视动画领域的艺术作品也在进行改革,与时俱进,从作品的内容和表现形式方面都进行了改革创新,且融人了更多的特色元素。传统的艺术语言不仅为世界的影视动画作品增添了特色元素,还将传统的艺术与现代先进的影视技术进行了完美融合,从而将全世界的影视动画技术推上了新的高度,例如影视动画片《铁臂阿童木》,故事中的情感部分采用的是传统的观念,可以看出我国四大名著之一《西游记》中孙悟空或多或少的影子,就传统的情感观念而言,它是一部成功的动画片。当今社会,处于多元化发展的阶段,世界各个国家的艺术文化都在不断融合、不断借鉴,主要体现在表现形式、表现手法以及表达影像方面,各个国家都通过不同的方式将传统的艺术语言充分的运用到现代影视动画中,只有如此才能适应时代的发展,适应行业的发展。

3.传统艺术语言在现代影视动画中运用的重要性

现代影视动画的发展脚步越来越快,从《猫和老鼠》到《小虎还乡》,再到《怪物史瑞克》等各具特色的动画片,也是从二维到三维的发展。现代影视动画不仅内容较丰富,融人了较多的创造力和想象力,且给观众呈现出来的影像更具冲击力。它已成为电影的潮流,感染着越来越多的观众。它的迅速发展离不开传统艺术语言的运用,它运用了传统艺术语言的独特视角来表达动画的主题,使影视动画拥有内在美和外在美的融合,冲击着观众的心灵,传播出更具特色的价值。传统的艺术语言不仅为现代影视动画的创作提供了个性素材,还提升了影视作品的艺术内涵,占据重要位置。

4.总结

综上所述,传统的艺术语言是现代影视动画的精髓,它为影视动画的设计提供了艺术理念,使影视动画拥有自己的艺术风格和特色。现代影视动画只有融合传统艺术语言,并合理的运用它,才能更好的发展前进。影视动画作品不只是给人类视觉带来不一样的效果和冲击力,还应触动人们的心灵情感。现代影视动画作品在创作中越来越多的融人传统艺术语言,不仅为动画作品增添了内涵和理念,还更加适应了全球多元化的发展,在经济发展的潮流中占据不败之地。

参考文献:

[1]苗子烨.论现代影视动画与传统艺术语言的融合田.电影文学,2011,(23):。61一。62.

[2]唐慧妮.浅议传统绘画语言在现代动画片中的应用田.中国科教创新导于,〕,2012,(22):131一131.