情人节寄语精选(九篇)
前言：一篇好文章的诞生，需要你不断地搜集资料、整理思路，本站小编为你收集了丰富的情人节寄语主题范文，仅供参考，欢迎阅读并收藏。
第1篇：情人节寄语范文
情人节贺卡祝福语【经典版】
1) 在这深情的季节里，我好想送你一束盛开的玫瑰和数不尽的祝福!但愿这玫瑰的清香能淡淡地散发出对你的柔柔关怀和思念的气息，情人节快乐!
2) 在这个与众不同的情人节里，我把誓言一生一世戴在你的手指上，纵然一生平平淡淡，同尝甘苦，我愿永远为你挡风遮雨共度朝朝暮暮。情人节快乐!
3) 我的爱为你开启，像白色的闪电划破天际;我的爱为你奔驰，像红色的血液充满身体，爱人，情人节快乐!
4) 我的手愿放在你手里，握手深情甜如蜜;我的心愿靠在你心里，心心相印永不渝。我的眼愿看在你眼里，望一眼柔情时空也停。情人节到了，祝你幸福快乐。
5) 我的思念是绵绵的风，从春到夏，从秋到冬，只要你的窗帘轻轻飘动，就是我在轻声地将你呼唤。宝贝，情人节快乐!
6) 生活是诗，也是歌;生日便是它最精彩的华章，最优美的旋律。让我们共同把欢乐融进每一个词句每一个音符!祝你情人节快乐!
7) 时间冲不淡真情的酒，距离拉不开思念的手。想你，直到地老天荒，直到永久。情人节快乐!
8) 我没有钱，不能送你玫瑰，但我有一颗真心，为你祈祷快乐平安。即使当我耗尽能量，也会化做一颗流星，去划亮这段永恒的爱情。情人节快乐!
9) 我没有多的言语，只有一句话要告诉你：和你在一起，你是一切!没有你在身边，一切是你!情人节快乐!
10) 时间将证明我对你坚定而又执着的爱，别让时空距离猜疑彼此的真情与信心，坚持到底决不轻言放弃。情人节快乐!
情人节贺卡祝福语【精选版】
1) 思念的路，没有尽头;无星的夜，唯灯相伴，心中的舟，以爱为帆;没你的日，十分挂念，借助这小小短信把我最真挚的祝福及最深的思念传达给你，祝你日记情人节快乐。
2) 甜蜜的微笑，柔情的眸子，虽然寂然无声，却胜过海誓山盟;真情的凝望，痴心的守护，或许不够浪漫，却胜过无力的承诺。情人节，我只愿与你携手到老!
3) 我从灵魂深处爱你，我愿意把生命交给你，由你接受多少就多少，当初是这样，现在也决不变更，情人节快乐!
4) 我的心为你开启，象白色的闪电划破天际;我的爱为你奔驰，象红色的血液充满身体;我只是要你知道一句话，那就是我爱你，爱你!
5) 情深深，雨蒙蒙，送祝福;要快乐，要幸福，爱情火焰烧心头;感情一浪高一浪，彼此携手永长久。情人节，亲爱的祝你节日快乐。
6) 情书，是我写的;电话，是我打的;玫瑰，是我送的;祝福，是我说的：情人节快乐!
7) 请珍惜你拥有的每一个偶然，抓住属于你的每一个瞬间!!我永远属于你!想念你我的爱!情人节快乐!
8) 人生的路很长很长，让我陪你一起走吧。我愿与你搭建一个属于我们自己的天空。情人节快乐!
9) 日子在消散，时间在缩短，没事别乱窜，祝福在今天：没有情人相伴，不如拿书看看，网上转转，QQ聊天，影片海选，最重要一点：不用为恋人埋单!
10) 如果可以的话，我愿意用生命中的每一分每一秒陪着你，可是，现在我能做的，只是每一分每一秒想着你，情人节快乐!
11) 情人节快到了，为维护情场稳定，国家将限情令，规定每个人只能拥有一个情人，凡拥有两个及以上情人的，统统征收多情税。朋友，悠着点。
12) 情人思念总湿润而温暖，坚韧得可以穿越光年!哪怕你银河彼端，我也会召集所有鹊鸟，为爱铺平找你道路!祝情人节快乐!
13) 如果漂亮是一种罪，你已罪恶滔天!如果气质是一种错，你已一错再错!如果智慧要受惩罚，你岂不要千刀万刮!预祝天下第一气质美女情人节快乐!
14) 我想你的时候，你也想我吗?无论我们相距多远，无论前面的路有多长，情人节只想说：爱上你是我今生最大的幸福。
15) 情人节，让我俩彼此拥抱浪漫，两个人的浪漫靠在一起就是温暖，两个人的温暖靠在一起就不惧严寒。不惧严寒就会情意缠绵，情意缠绵就会地久天长。
16) 希望能牵手一起走过今后的日子，不管是鲜花铺路，还是荆棘满地，不离不弃，彼此相爱，我会永远伴随你左右!祝你情人节快乐!
17) 无数个思念你的夜晚，想起与你共度的欢乐时光，我祈求流星，让我下世能够与你相遇，相爱，直到天荒地老!情人节快乐!
18) 我想你想的减肥计划报销，念你念的睡不着觉，梦里都是你我宁可傻掉，吃饭都没味道只有你能换掉。情人节没你，世界应该引爆。为了地球的存在，情人节来找我吧。
19) 情人节到了，送你一朵花表示我想你了，送你两朵花，表示我很想你，送你满山遍野的花：还不快跑啊，大黄蜂被引来了。情人节快乐。
20) 喜欢你也许是我错了，爱上你我真的变了许多!傻瓜，我爱你!情人节快乐!
情人节贺卡祝福语【热门版】
1) 想你，和那一个新春的午后，想你从林深处缓缓走来，你是我含笑的百合花;想你，好象也没有什么分别，在日里在夜里，在每一个情人节里!
2) 一朵玫瑰代表一份简单纯洁的爱情，一束玫瑰代表一段狂热冲动的爱情，一团玫瑰则代表一句一生一世的承诺!情人节快乐!
3) 你是我心中最美的阳光，燃烧着万丈光芒，我常常仰望天空发呆，不怕眼睛灼伤的痛楚，用相机拍下你的倩影，用记忆储存你的身影，用画笔画下你的背影。写下浪漫的小诗，然后用手机传送。
4) 片片尘埃铺展在撕碎的欢乐上，你长袖轻舞，就能扫去尘埃，重聚往日的欢乐，思念，若说这是梦，我愿是不醒的梦，因梦中有您，梦里有情!情人节快乐!
5) 七夕如愿，盼今朝红叶香残怨可消，朝朝暮暮图永久，缠缠绵绵诉心焦。上天又给我一个约你的借口，相爱的人儿，与你共度，天天都是情人节。
6) 情场如战场，我已经被你彻底打败，从几天开始我就是你的俘虏了，我已经做好只求付出，不图回报的准备了，希望你能在我的付出中快乐下去。
7) 情人节，对你的思念太重，压断了电话线，烧坏了手机卡，掏尽了钱包袋，吃光了安眠药，哎!可是我还是思念你。祝你情人节快乐!
8) 你对我的爱，我感受的到，就像夜晚的路灯，寒冬的火炉，盛夏的清风，海中的哨塔，我工作的动力，未来的向往，生活的幸福。我快乐的源泉，我温馨的港湾。
9) 你是我生命中最闪亮的音符，我的生活因你而精彩!愿美好的乐章谱满我们以后的每一个清晨与黄昏，亲爱的，情人节快乐!
10) 缘份是不变的归依，相思是不舍的依恋，相爱是不移的意志，浪漫是不懈的追求，牵挂是不分的彼此，爱人是不老的容颜，爱情是不朽的神话。预祝情人节快乐!
11) 愿我小小的贺卡象只美丽的蝶儿在你花一般的梦里轻盈地飘翔，飞落象只欢快的雀儿在你梦一般的花间，唱起祝福的歌：情人节快乐!
12) 云朵上面是晴空，风雨之后是阳光，牵挂后面是爱恋，分离以后是重逢。珍惜所有的感动，你我携手到白头。祝七夕快乐，爱情甜蜜。
13) 在爱情的世界里，我一无所有，也一无所知，在情感的小站里，我愿你是第一位来客，也是永远的主人，伴着我宠着我：一生一世，情人节快乐!
14) 在这个特别的日子里，也许我不应该找饶你，但我希望身在远方的你能感应到我深深的祝福?情人节快乐!
15) 你的温柔是我珍藏的记忆，你的微笑是我幸福的笔记，你的美丽总有诗篇回忆，你的妩媚总有修饰语句，日记情人节，我真诚的约你一起共度。
16) 情人节了，把青春送你，让你永远美丽;把微笑送你，让你比蒙娜丽莎还神秘;天有点冷，更别忘了加件御寒的衣。只要你的健康，回复我更甜蜜!
17) 种一粒红豆果，发一棵相思树，捡一块三生石，写一段不了情，拥抱情人节，我不想轻易承诺，时间会诉说一切，爱你!
18) 真心拥抱春天，你会闻到花香;真心拥抱夏天，你会听到好信;真心拥抱秋天，你会得到丰收;真心拥抱冬天，你会取到温暖。拥抱情人节，真心拥抱你的爱人，你会感到幸福永远!
19) 缘分的天空与你寻寻觅觅，感情的接力陪你山山水水，生活中点点滴滴，与你共同采集，过去的一切皆成美好记忆。送虎迎兔，岁月更迭，浪漫情路，你知我心!情人节快乐!
20) 遇见你，是一种缘分;爱上你，是一种幸福;想念你，是一种习惯;珍惜你，是一种永恒;祝福你，是一种必然。情人节快乐!
看了情人节贺卡祝福语的人还看
1.情人节贺卡祝福语
2.经典浪漫的情人节贺卡祝福语
3.情人节贺卡祝福语大全
第2篇：情人节寄语范文
2、七是七月初七喜上喜，夕是情意浓浓要珍惜，节是相约相伴特殊节，快是心花怒放快乐颂，乐是喜上眉梢乐悠然。七夕情人节快乐！
3、今天七夕，祝有缘的人浪漫邂逅，有意的人互通灵犀，有情的人成就佳缘，有婚的人美满继续。无论你是哪种人，今天都有爱情契机。
4、快乐七夕夜，爱情永不灭；传送真挚情，没有真不行；转发诸朋友，祝福永不朽；失手信删除，友情仍长久；保存此短信，今生都快乐！
5、青春不常在，抓紧谈恋爱；恋爱谈得快，世界充满爱；情人一对对，七夕来相会；玫瑰花太贵，多买也浪费；短信跑得快，足以表心怀。
6、趁着青春年少，还算花容月貌，何不爱河撒网，直把金龟来钓。谈情理当趁早，追男宜在今朝，七夕一年一次，机会切莫放掉。七夕快乐！
7、把爱你的语言，在想念的夜晚熬炼，只为情人节这天，巧克力有无尽的香甜，我把自己小心地，包在巧克力中间，祝你七夕情人节过得香甜！
8、七是一个奇数，需要一个你凑成偶数；夕是一天的末尾，需要一个你，与我相约黄昏后。七夕节这一天，我在鹊桥的另一边等你，不见不散！
9、红娘把人间帅哥美女登记造册，送给月老审阅，月老看后吩咐：七夕快到了，给最善良最能干最聪明最幸福的人发个短信，提前祝他七夕快乐！
10、你是我心中最美的花朵，任凭风雨永不凋落；我是你眉梢最艳的云霞，任凭冰雪永不融化。牵手此生不够，相约来生依旧。亲爱的，七夕愉快！
11、鹊桥是银河的传奇，你是我心中的传奇。浪漫缘分是上天的安排，爱情神话是永恒的未来。许多的奇迹只有相信才会存在。亲爱的，七夕愉快！
12、微风飘飘夏斑斓，万紫千红心孤单。明眸盈盈爱呢喃，黄鹂声声可听见？朝朝暮暮是眷恋，万水千山念红颜。牛郎织女鹊桥见，七夕相爱每一天！
13、人生似梦摸不透，梦中几度夕阳红。伤心失落曾有过，背起行囊去寻梦。人生似戏看不懂，总在戏中做情种。抛开烦忧笑清风，七夕盼你到梦中。
14、收藏清晨第一缕阳光，采摘大地第一颗露珠，录制天空第一声鸟啼，撷取花丛第一味芬芳，在七夕这一天送给你，愿你七夕快乐第一，幸福第一！
15、天上神仙不羡仙，只慕鸳鸯在人间。你我情投还意合，双双喜庆把家安。和睦相处守恩爱，执子之手天长久。浪漫七夕将来到，一条短信表真心。
16、鹊桥相会在七夕，一片痴心在七夕，诉说相思在七夕，浓情蜜意在七夕，恩爱甜美在七夕，牛郎织女许诺过：此条短信转发七，包你幸福在七夕。
17、七月七日女会郎，阑珊星斗缀珠光，遥借鹊桥来传情，思慕之心断我肠，银汉牛郎有人望，凡间如我无思量，只望伊人回短信，佛曰：功德无量。
18、七月七日是七夕，牛郎织女会鹊堤，神奇短信先送你，接收爱情定甜蜜，存储感情更坚毅，转发家庭添和气，即使删除没关系，生活幸福如你意！
第3篇：情人节寄语范文
2、老天也被我们纯真的爱情感动而纯洁，大海也为我们的深情而博大，大地也为了见证我们的誓言而永恒；亲爱的，我爱你!直到地老天荒心不变
3、甜蜜的微笑，柔情的眸子，虽然寂然无声，却胜过海誓山盟；真情的凝望，痴心的守护，或许不够浪漫，却胜过无力的承诺。情人节，我只愿与你携手到老！
4、想念你笑颜如花，将你深深迷恋；想给你万千繁华，将你浓浓爱恋；想给你日日温暖，将你时时保护；想给你刻刻关怀，将你久久拥抱！情人节快乐！
5、情人节感慨：你来了我没看到，我走了你也不知道，缘分的擦肩如此奇妙。不许哭，也不能闹，还能说出我爱你就好。但是姑娘都在别人的怀抱，叫我如何是好
6、2.14情人节了，把青春送你，让你永远美丽；把微笑送你，让你比蒙娜丽莎还神秘；天有点冷，更别忘了加件御寒的衣。只要你的健康，回复我更甜蜜！
7、思念是萦绕的花香，漫过山野，飘往天际，祝福是无边的关注，溢出眼睛，直达心底。我把漫天的思念和无边的祝福送给你，可否考虑做我的北鼻？
8、现在有钱人就是贵族吗？NO，单身才是贵族！单身贵族身上闪耀着谜一样的色彩，吸引着无数人好奇的眼光！单身的你，其实很迷人哦！
9、我对你的爱可以直到永远，我的你情可以穿越时空，执着是我对你承诺，永恒是我对你誓言，我爱你的心永远不变，直到海枯石烂！亲爱的，我爱你！
10、爱情本无对与错，只有考试那么做。风赶残云云追月，蝶不畏刺花有约。爱恨情愁不能说，双丝网有千千结。风清云淡撩人夜，浓情蜜意情人节！
11、酒肉穿肠过，佛祖心中坐。美女对面走，一眼心中留。这是一见钟情吗？我不知道！我只知道，这辈子我是彻底被你俘虏了！亲爱的，我爱你！
12、根据《中华人民共和国最新条例》规定：想你是我的任务，念你是我的责任，爱你是我的义务！我知道你不忍心看我坐牢，那就让我照顾你一辈子吧！
13、问世间情为何物，只叫人生死相许?我们在心灵的荒地种满玫瑰，把摄人心魄的花香吹进爱人的心房，让浪漫的日子慢慢流淌。祝情人节快乐！
14、西楼望月月如钩，寂寞情深深锁愁。我多想飞到你的身旁，让你感受玫瑰的芬芳。无奈佳节难聚，别有一番滋味在心头啊！祝你节日快乐，想我，念我！
15、偶然的相遇注定了一生的牵手，岁月在变不变的是爱的相守。在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。让玫瑰花送来我的祝福：愿有情人爱到白头！
16、你是我心中最美的阳光，燃烧着万丈光芒，我常常仰望天空发呆，不怕眼睛灼伤的痛楚，用相机拍下你的倩影，用记忆储存你的身影，用画笔画下你的背影。写下浪漫的小诗，然后用手机传送。
17、我的心只剩一半了，另一半在你那里；我的手只剩一只了，另一只在紧紧地拽着你；我的人只剩一半了，另一半我在紧紧地追随着你。我的思念只剩一半了，另一半已被吹到风里。2月14日就是情人节了，不是我说话不想吉利，快乐的感觉，就是天天和你在一起！
18、再艳丽的玫瑰也会凋谢，但我对你爱永远不变；再甜的巧克力也会过期，我对你的热情却永远也不会消退；电影感人不过90分钟而已，我对你的宠爱却是一生一世直到永远心不移！亲爱的，我爱你！让我来保护你一辈子吧！
第4篇：情人节寄语范文
In his theory of psychoanalysis， Freud introduced the term “Oedipus complex” also called “Mother fixation” according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology in which Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother to designate a boy’s strong love for and attachment to his mother and consequent jealousy and hatred towards his father. Unconsciously the boy may even nourish a desire to kill his father and marry his mother. This is a crucial stage in the normal psycho-sexual developmental process， and those who fail to pass the stage will be unable to establish a normal man-woman relationship when they grow up. After introducing the origin and understanding of Mother Fixation， the thesis points out that D. H. Lawrence， together with his works， especially Sons and Lovers， is a specific evidence of the Oedipus complex. In the traditional Chinese family culture，combining with some of the special relationship of the sons and mothers and the conflicts between the mothers and daughters-in-law they reveals the phenomenon and essence of Mother Fixation. The thesis firstly explains the understanding and analyzes the study status of Mother Fixation at home and abroad. Secondly， it gets evidence of Mother Fixation from the lifetime of Lawrence. Finally， it analyzes the work sons and loves. With the depiction of wars between the dramatis personas Mrs. Morel and the lovers of her son Paul， psychological dependence and the abnormal love of the mother and son， the ambivalence and the tragedy of the dramatis personas， it reveals to us that how Mother Fixation injure the body and soul of people.
Key Words
Mother Fixation; psychological dependence; specific evidence; abnormal love
摘 要
弗洛伊德在其精神分析学说中根据古希腊罗马神话俄狄浦斯王子杀父娶母而提出“俄狄浦斯”亦称“恋母情结”这个概念，认为三岁至五岁的男孩会自然而然地恋母嫉父，并在潜意识中存着杀父娶母的欲望；不能顺利度过这一阶段的男孩成年之后往往难以确立正常的恋爱或夫妻关系。本文旨在细述对恋母情结的来源和对恋母情结的理解后，指出20世纪英国作家劳伦斯及其作品，尤其是《儿子与情人》，便是“恋母情结”的有力佐证，并从劳伦斯的生平和这部作品中找出事实与证据，结合中国传统家庭文化中某些特殊的母子关系、婆媳的纷争与矛盾关系中揭示了恋母情结的现象和本质。本论文先是通过对恋母情结的理解和分析并阐述了国内外对恋母情结的研究状况；然后从作者劳伦斯生平事迹找出其身上恋母证据；最后分析作品《儿子与情人》，通过描述作品中由恋母情结所引发的战争，主人公莫瑞尔夫人和儿子保罗之间的心理依赖和畸恋，作品主人公的矛盾心理及主人公的悲剧来揭示恋母情结对人身心的伤害。
关键词
恋母情结；心理依赖；有力佐证；畸恋
Introduction
Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that research about it was not much; Freud was also lack of specific evidence for it that was posed by him. In the 20th century， the work sons and lovers aroused a great sensation in the literature world that people put their attention to Mother Fixation. Most people believed that it was a strong evidence for Freud’s theory－Mother Fixation.
In the work sons and lovers， Mrs. Gertrude morel， the mother， was a woman of strong character and refinement. Her husband was a miner who drank heavily and he was irresponsible which often led to terrible quarrels in the family. Paul Morel grew up in such a miserable setting. The mother lavished her love on him and determined to save him from the shadow of the coal mine. But when he was in love with Miriam， Mrs. Morel was afraid that she might lose him so she did her best to come between them. Finally， the two lovers had to porce from each other. A second attachment， to Clara， gradually fizzled out， too clearly， both failures were caused by the possessive mother， it was not only until the mother died that the son began to find for his true love earnestly. It is one of the greatest autobiographical novels of the last century and it is loved far and wide in the world.
Although Lawrence denied this， his family background was so like the dramatic persona Paul’s. He was in love with the wife of a professor; the woman of three children was 6 years older than Lawrence made up for the loss of his mother. From Lawrence and his work Sons and Lovers we should learn something about it.
Ⅰ.The Understanding of Mother Fixation
A. The Origin of Mother Fixation
In one of the ancient Greece and Rome mythologies there was a prophecy that the new prince of Oedipus realm would be the person who kill his father and married his mother， after hearing the prophecy， the Oedipus King decided to dissent his son to the desolate mountain. Luckily， the young prince was rescued and brought up by a shepherd and was sent to Oedipus realm country as the son of Oedipus realm. The prince did a lot of charitable deed that the people regarded him as a hero and then supported him as the king of Oedipus realm. Becoming the king of Oedipus realm， the young king married the queen of Oedipus realm. One day he knew the truth that the queen was his mother and his father had been killed by him as a passenger. Realized this， the young Oedipus king dug out his eyeballs and then led a vagrant life. According the story， the Austrian psychologist Freud had posed the theory of Oedipus which also called Mother Fixation.
B. Analysis of Mother Fixation
In the ancient Greece and Rome mythology， the prince killed his father and married his mother; people believe that the phenomenon of incest was ignorant. But there was no doubt that in the western feudal dynasty such phenomenon was common. Because of the desire of right and wealth， the incest was inevitable. Mother fixation was on the basis of instinctual impulse， which was original essence. With the development of human society， Mother Fixation has a great change and it has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. There are several kinds of abnormal love: Father Fixation， Mother Fixation， Brother Fixation and Sister Fixation. In our daily life， Mother Fixation is the most common phenomenon. We can see that in our daily life the boy children always depend on his mother， also， in the mother’s eyes their children are little children forever. Many of the young children have a deep dependence on their mothers on psychology， even when they grow up. They are lack of their own judgment or thought. They do what their mothers ask them to and don’t do what their mothers don’t allow. What kinds of schools， work and wives they will choose not are not decided by themselves but their mothers. They believe that their mothers are the ones love them most and can be relied on that they don’t want to leave their mothers and they desire to stay with their mothers forever. In opposite， the mothers put most of their attention to their children. They try their best to protest their children. They decide everything for their children because they believe that they know what their children need. In their children’s life no body can take the place of their mother. Gradually they want to control the activity and thought of their children. The fever love will make the mothers have such a sense that they are afraid of losing their children. They prevent their son making so many friends especially female friends. They even interfere in their sons’ love and marriage. In their hart， they wish that their sons never leave them and marry other women. We can define it as selfish love but in most occasion it can be regarded as abnormal love， Mother Fixation ，such kind of love not only distort the normal love between mothers and sons but also affect their life， especially the happiness of the future life of the sons.
C. Foreign Studies of Mother Fixation
After Freud had posed the theory of Mother Fixation according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology that Oedipus killed his father and married his mother which was on the basis of core of instinctual impulse， many western psychologists fixed their eyes on Mother Fixation. Many of them did not agree with the idea of Freud because he could not provide specific evidence for his theory. Some of the psychologists agreed with Freud， but they believed that MotherFixation was not a common phenomenon because they focused on biological research， in their opinion， Mother Fixation was just a phenomenon of incest happened by chance. Evidently， they had a misunderstanding of mother fixation. With the development of human civilization， the core of Mother Fixation has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. Incest and parricide are every rare. In 20th century， the publication of Sons and Lovers and the experience of the author D.H.Lawrence had provided specific evidence to support the theory of Mother Fixation and it was further to reveal the essence of Mother Fixation. Although D.H.Lawrence himself denied the subject of Mother Fixation of his work， we can get strong evidence from his work Sons and Lovers.
D. Domestic Studies of Mother Fixation
In the Chinese traditional culture， people regarded the family value importantly. In the traditional culture of Chinese family， the sons and their wives live with their parents and the daughters –in-law will come to her husbands’ family. The conflicts between the mother and daughters-in-law are every common. As we know， the Chinese principles of family piety is a kind of traditional morality that the sons and daughters present a tribute to their parents， especially the sons and mothers have deep feeling with each other. The sons always listen to their mothers’ words and follow their counsels while the mothers regarding her son as her core of life. Once the wives of the sons come between them the peace of the family will break. The mothers will have such a sense that their daughters-in-law will take their sons away from them that something abnormal appear. Then the mothers will make something difficult for their sons’ wives and they will slander theirdaughters-in-law before their sons. In most situations， the sons will stand with their mothers， against their wives， and then the family conflicts appear due to Mother Fixation.
Ⅱ.D.H.Lawrence
A. The Experience of D.H.Lawrence
D.H.L was born in miner’s family of England in 1885.His father was a totally illiterate miner and his mother ， a primary school teacher who was born in a noble family was a woman of strong character and refinement. The broken marriage of D.H.Lawrence’s parents led to an unlucky family. Growing up in a poor and broken family， the young Lawrence was physically weak and full of illness. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Lawrence was a literature genius that he started to publish his works from 1906.In 1913 his most great work Sons and Lovers published and the novel aroused strong reverberates in the literature world which established his position in the literature history. In 1912， Lawrence got acquainted with the wife of a professor， Frieda Weekly， who was 6 years older than Lawrence， a mother of three children. Every soon， they got love with each other and eloped to German， from then on， they led a vagrant life until he died. In 1930， Lawrence died in the south of France. During his lifetime， Lawrence published lots of works， such as Women in Love， Rainbow， Sons and Lovers and so on， which are loved far and wide in the world.
B. The Witness of Mother Fixation
In the 19th century of England， the people were pided into three stratums. They were the upper class， the middle class and the lower class. People from different classes had different goals and they were treated differently. So that families of equal standing were regarded seriously. Lawrence’ father， the miner of course from the lower stratum was ill iterated and choleric with a bad temper .He got acquainted with Lawrence’s mother， a primary school teacher who was from the middle class. The woman was every pride and she always complained that her husband was vulgar person without any ambition and regretted that it was miserable to marry him. The unlucky marriage was born which was the basis factor of abnormal love .The arrogant woman put much attention to her son that she want to realize her dream to be the upper class. Lawrence was her psychological dependence. The son of the miner’s family grew up under the shelter of his mother， and engendered the abnormal love which was different from the common human emotion. After the death of his mother， Lawrence terminated the engagement with his fiancé. No soon later， Lawrence got acquainted with Fried Weekly and fell in love with her. At last， Lawrence and Fried Weekly eloped， which was regarded as the strong evidence of Mother Complex under Lawrence because Frieda， the wife of a professor and a mother of three children who was 6 years older than Lawrence and made up for the Mother Fixation of Lawrence. Such love was reviled by people because it had distorted the moral love.
Ⅲ. Sons and Lovers
A. Main Contents of Sons and Lovers
Paul Morel was born in a miner’s family that his father Mr. Morel was a totally illiterate miner and his mother， Gertrude was primary school teacher who was born in a good old burgher family， famous independents who had fought with Colonel Hutchinson， and， who remained stout Congregationalists. Moreland Gertrude got acquainted at a dancing party， sooner they fell in love with each other and got married. But their marriage was a failure. Quarrels between the young couple never stopped because of different temperaments and behavior habits. More was a rough man without any ambition and Gertrude was an elegant and honorable woman with a great ambition that was the origin of their failure marriage .Gradually， poverty and discord was the theme of the family.
William， Paul’ older brother was a bright and capable boy and he got a job in England， became the economic prop of the family .Unluckily， the young man had a mortal disease and died. The younger brother of Paul， Arthur was a playboy that did not engage in honest work and joined the army without any thinking. Paul， the only boy at home， became the only hope of his mother， Gertrude. She tried her best to raised him and hope that one day he could get rid of poverty of miners and made up for her failure marriage. Paul did not disappoint his mother that he won credit for her. His drawing did not only win the prize but also sold for a good price. All of these he did was to please his mother and made her proud.
The first girl fell in love with Paul was Miriam who was from the Willey Farm. They held the common in goals especially in literature and painting. They really matched well. Unfortunately， the love did not last long. Their date was interfered with by his mother because she was afraid of losing his son. Paul realized that his faithful love belonged to his mother. When he knew that the date with Miriam had hurt his mother he regretted his behavior and could not bear， so that he decided to separate from Miriam. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. Because of not getting along well with his husband， Clara separated with her husband with a legal porce. Clara was a wildly enthusiastic and sexy woman that Paul was attracted by her fascination. However， the emotion in Paul’ heart belong to his mother .The people he loved most was his mother not the sexy woman. The love also ended not long. The love of Paul and his mother became mother complex from the love between mothers and sons. Because of endless conflicts， Mrs. Morel was mentally and physically exhausted that she died of tumor at the end. From then on， Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led an independent life.
B. Mother Fixation
1. Wars
As we know， it is a tragedy for a woman to marry a wrong man， so was Gertrude .Because of a sudden passion， the girl， Gertrude from a rich and powerful family married the poor miner. When the passion disappeared she found the man was very rough and he could not be relied on .The endless quarrels made her dream broken that she lavished her love on her second son， Paul， after the death of the oldest son. There was so much hope on her son that she wanted to control his son including behavior and soul， so that he would never turn the back on her and went with another girl.
Once there were two girls appeared in Paul’s life， then the wars broke. The first war was between Gertrude and Miriam. Gertrude realized that Miriam was a formidable enemy who would deprive her son from her. As she knew his son had been in love with the girl who was every young and beautiful. The most important thing was that the boy and the girl found each other congenial and held the same idea in common， especially in the art world. They could communicate with each other in their minds， of which Gertrude could not do. So when Paul was late for home because of the data with Miriam， Mr. Morels was every angry and described Miriam as “one of those who will want to suck a man’s soul out till he had none of his own left.” Although she did not fight with Miriam directly， the war was very acute. She inflicted the pressure on her son and shrew her hate of Miriam and afraid of losing her son before Paul. That was a mental war. The pressure really made Paul mad because when his mother was upset he would fell remorse for her and tortured very much. Towards Miriam， she treated her coolly when Miriam came to visit her family sometimes; all the members and friends of the Morel’s family who followed Mrs. Morel kept distance from Miriam and isolated the girl. As to the obstruction， Miriam just sneered at Paul because she did not know why his mother disliked her and Paul just followed his mother. There was no doubt that Miriam would be defeated.
Another war broke in Mrs. Morel and Clara. Mrs. Morel definitely knew that she would be the winner of the war because she was sure that her son would be tied of the Clara. After the first visit Clara to Paul’s family Morel Mrs. found that Clara had something attracted to Paul. Clara was a passionate and sexy woman， of which was most attracted to Paul， a mature woman. But in Mrs. Morel’s mind， Clara could not keep the passion of Paul because she was a vulgar woman without deep thought that she could not master the soul of Paul and Paul should throw away his soul for this flippant traffic of triviality with Clara， even Clara had a husband. She was just waiting her son back. Clara herself also realized this， although Paul’s mother treated her friendly but it was cool in the old woman’s deep hart. She knew that they have to part sooner or later， even if they married， and were faithful to each other， still he would have to leave her， went on alone， and she Would only have to attend to him when he came home. She could not master the hart of Paul because she did not know that Paul’s hart belong to his mother not any other woman. Clara was the loser in the war.
2. Abnormal Love
Gertrude， the pride woman who was from the rich and powerful family married the miner without thinking carefully. The dream of the young girl was to marry a good man， who was elegant， humors and enthusiastic with great ambition. So when she found that Morel was just the opposite her dream was broken and she looked for another people who would realize her dream. The death of her oldest son made her despaired until she rebuilt her hope on her second son， Paul， who won much credit for her. The life of Gertrude was full of sunshine and hope again. She tried her best to praise Paul to be a manly man.
Her love just liked a chain locking on the neck of Paul. When Paul fell in love with Miriam Mrs. Morel obstructed the progress of the emotion because she did not allow any other woman to deprive her son from her. Mrs. Morel did not only control the behavior of Paul but also the mentalities of Paul that the boy’s hart only belong to his mother.
In the novel， we can see that Paul deeply loved his mother that he obeys what his mother said and did what his mother wished him to. During his life， all he did were to please his mother. When he was a child， he walked all day， went miles and miles to look for blackberries which his mother liked， rather than own himself beaten and came home to his mother’s empty handed. When he was away from home， he looked forward to get home earlier because he knew that his mother was alone and waiting his back. In Paul’s eyes， his mother was an elegant， undisturbed and beautiful young girl. Every night， he would send his mother to bed and kissed her for good night. After the death of his older brother， William， his family ran into a predicament. The expenditure of the family was larger and larger while the family lived with the wage of 26 ponds of the miner， his father. In order to help his mother to manage the household， Paul got a job in Nottingham and offered his mother his wages. It was undutiful that Paul was a mourning son， but his main purpose was to help his mother. As to his father， he stood with his mother to be opposed to him， even he hated his father. When his father quarreled with his mother he even wanted to take the place of his father. He believed that his father mismatched his mother and there was no love in their marriage. Once he talked to Clara about love:“love is a dog in the mager”. The situation just liked his parents’ marriage because even if his mother did not love his father anymore or hated him extremely， their marriage still continued and his mother would never leave his father. His words hinted to us that Paul had regarded his father as his rival of love; also we can see that Paul replaced his father and protest his mother. The love of the son and the mother was blameless， but it gradually developed into a kind of abnormal love， mother Fixation. We can get the evidence from the novel， once a time， after quarreling with her husband， Mrs. Morel despaired and complained to his son that she never had a husband， a true husband. After hearing this， Paul detested his father very much even he wanted to kill his father， at the same time， he deeply realized that his mother did not only nee d a good son but also a idea husband， and then he could not help touching the hair of his mother and kissing his mother’s neck， of which was the strong evidence of Mother Fixation.
The abnormal love had affected Paul’s life and thought. Mrs. Morel became the core of his dream and life. His mothers interfered again and again in his love and scold Miriam.
Paul was in a dilemma as to continue to get along with Miriam or separate from her. Once he thought that it would made his mother sad he was full of self-reproach and remorse. Finally， Paul decided to porce from Miriam. Just as what Miriam said， Paul was a child， a four years old child that Paul did not have his own judgment of thought under the protection of his mother. What he did was to please his mother that once he went against his mother wished he would self-examine and mended his way. Though his second attachment without the direct interference of his mother， it gradually fizzled out because Paul could not concentrate himself on any other person except his mother. Once he said to Clara that he planted to go abroad with his mother and depended on each other from then on. In Paul’s mind， his mother was his companion in the future but not his lover， maybe there was no a love in his lifetime if his mother was still alive. When he got the truth that his mother had a tumor and was being died， the queer feeling went over him， as if the entire sunshine had gone out of him， and it was all shadow. When his mother died， Paul even wanted to go with his mother.
3. Conflicts
In the novel， there were several complicated conflicts in the leading characters. As we knew， the novel was about the love between Gertrude and her son and Paul and his two lovers. The most prominent conflict was in Paul and his mother. With the complicated psychology， Paul had deep feeling with his mother. When his attachment with Miriam led to the objection of his mother， he regretted very much and could not help but obey his mother’s wishes. At the same time， the interference of his mother made him annoyed and detested and sometimes he would do something to hurt to his mother intentionally. Once he was late for home again because he had sent Miriam home and walked long distance， his mother was very angry and scold him. Paul responded that he was old enough to decide what he liked and do what he wanted to. He knew that his words hurt his mother but his hart was delighted because he vented his anger. Maybe it was a kind of reprisal for the controlling of his mother. Another example was that Paul’s mother complained that Paul was absorbed by Miriam and never let him a man. Paul told his mother that he liked to talk to Miriam. His mother could not understand why Paul could not talk to her. Paul said that they were at the same age and his mother was not so young that he could had his thoughts sifted through his mother’s mind and she was not his companionship. He knew that his response was the great revenge to his mother. The contradictable psychology came into the climax. When he got the news that his mother had a tumor he was full of fear that he could not believed that his mother was leaving him. During the last life time of his mother Paul made his mother take an overdose of morphine which accelerated the death of his mother. Although his purpose was to accelerate the suffering of his mother， it was a vicious idea. Had been tied on to his mother for a long time， Paul knew that he could never to be a complete person unless his mother died. So the death of his mother made him free. The abnormal love was inevitably crazy and it led to the abnormal psychology.
The second Conflict was in Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and their emotion was innocent. Paul loved the girl but sometimes he hated her very much especially when their contact made his mother sad he would do something to raven to Miriam. When his friends and family disliked her and snubbed her， he stood with them .Once his mother and Clara had a vicious talk about Miriam he criticized them and paid his sympathy to Miriam. That was a complicated Conflict. As to Clara， the passionate fascinating woman interested Paul’s attention that he nearly got mad. His mother also treated her friendly， but Paul never belonged to the woman. His hart was only belong to his mother that he was not a complete man and he could not consent rated on other women. He annoyed that Clara did not belong to him and did not loved him completely. How contradictable the abnormal man was.
4. Tragedy
There was no winner at the end of the story .We also can definite that the novel ended with a tragedy. In the novel， the greatest loser was the elegant and arrogant woman Mrs. Morel because the saddest thing for a woman was to marry a wrong man. The broken marriage was her first failure. It was undoubted that Gertrude was loser of marriage. Of course， her husband Mr. Morel was also a loser of marriage and family. The death of the oldest son who won so much credit for her did not brought Mrs. Morel the tremendous will but the broken dream .Although she defeated Miriam and Clara in the wars， Mrs. Morel became mentally and physically exhausted and got a tumor and soon died after continuous confliction. It was the tragedy of Mrs. Morel.
Because of interference and control of his mother， Paul was deep in the wars of soul and sensory feeling that he could not own complete love and gave up his love at last. When he was in love with Miriam and Clara his body and mind were pided into two parts that his mind was fixed on his mother while his body with his lovers. It was undoubted that Paul was a loser of love. The most unlucky thing was that he lost his mother at last. Without his mother， Paul almost lost his goal and led a vagrant life abroad.
Another loser was Miriam; the sensate girl was looked downed upon by her lover Paul and abandoned by him.
The last loser was Clara， the married woman who had a broken marriage， was pensioned in love with Paul and could not escape from the love failure. At the end， Clara came back to her husband and recovered her life.
All the failure was due to the abnormal love， Mother Fixation. It had distorted the emotion of the mothers and sons and breached the moral principle of human being. It did not only harm the body and mind of a person but also destroyed the family. I think we should learn something from it and pursue normal love.
Conclusion
Although Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that people seldom refer to. It exists in the society as a common phenomenon that it has distorted the soul of mothers and sons， even damaged the family， which also obeys the ethics of human being. As to the author of Sons and Lovers， D.H.lawrence， Mother Fixation made him so blind that he did not take care of the moral principles and did not know that he had come to the woman’s family and left it broken. The novel Sons and Lovers also ended with a tragedy with the death of being mentally and physically exhausted of Mrs. Moreland the failure of Paul’s love.
In our daily life， Mother Fixation is a common phenomenon， even if many people do not want to mention it or they do not accept the definition of Mother Fixation. The son who has Mother Fixation is lack of his own thoughts and enterprising spirit because he believes that his mother is his sanctuary and sunshine that never declines. Even when he gets married， his mother is the only person he can rely on not other person. So when there is conflict in his mother and wife he will stand with his mother， go against his wife. As to the mother who has Mother Fixation lavishes her lover upon her son， she controls his behavior and thoughts that she wishes that her son will never go against her. The son is her everything that she is afraid of losing him. As in China， most of the family conflict cause between the mothers and the daughters-in-law. One of the most important reasons is to fight for the domination of the husbands or sons. Once the daughters-in-law come to the family， the mothers will have a sense of tension that the daughters-in-law will take their place to love or control their sons that they are losing their sons. Gradually， the mothers will do something difficult for the daughters-in-law and say something to slander them before their sons， and then the family conflict arouses and the tragedy appears. In order to create a happy life and a harmonious society， we should pay our attention to Mother Fixation and deal with it well because Mother Fixation is a kind of abnormal human beings’ love and we should pursue normal love.
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第5篇：情人节寄语范文
一对情场沦落的男女，凑合成“寄居情人”
2005年12月20日，距付槿22周岁仅差两天，她的第三次爱情因男友的移情别恋夭折了！打击是巨大的。从此，付槿的心灵投下了无尽的酸楚和悲痛。每天，她精神恍惚，日子过得生不如死。
大约过了半个月，那晚，付槿仍旧到酒吧买醉。对面，一对情侣隔桌牵手，互送礼物，举杯轻碰――触景生情，深受刺激。当她喝光一杯酒，重重地把杯子往桌子上放时，由于用力过猛，玻璃酒杯碎裂了，飞溅的碎片伤了她的手掌，鲜血流了出来。
顷刻间，大家的目光纷纷投向付槿。突然，一个关怀的声音传入付槿的耳朵：“你的手流血了，赶紧去医院包扎一下吧。”她抬头，定睛一看，竟是她从前在广告公司的同事陈泽宇。
2003年6月，大学毕业后，遭遇初恋失败的付槿，放弃了父母为她联系的工作，固执地留在了省城。不久，她应聘到一家广告公司。第一天上班，付槿遇到的第一个人便是陈泽宇。陈泽宇身材单薄，不英俊不阳光，但他的热忱很快博得了付槿的好感。那天，他不但帮助付槿办理了相关报到的手续，而且，牺牲午休时间，为她介绍公司的情况。
此后，陈泽宇一直像个大哥哥般地关心付槿。她感冒时，他主动给她倒开水，提醒她吃药；她在工作中遇到拦路虎时，他总是不厌其烦地给她讲解，为她搜集一些资料。
只是，2004年7月，付槿请了半个月假和男友去云南旅游，回到公司时，出乎意料的是，陈泽宇却辞职走了。当时听到这个消息，付槿心里头马上涌出些惘然，空荡荡的。两个月后，付槿再次遭遇爱情阴霾，她上班没劲了，于是也离开了公司。
付槿万万没有想到，时过一年多，她在酒吧浇愁麻醉自己的时候，居然会遇到陈泽宇。从医院包扎伤口出来，陈泽宇告诉付槿，自己当初是为了爱情去了深圳，可是，女友的爱情并不坚实。三个月后，那晚，出远门的他回到深圳，推开门，却见女友正斜躺在一个中年男子的怀中慵懒地笑，而他的手，正看似不经意地停在她那丰满的胸脯上。爱情深圳的天空已经消失，他对深圳便失去了眷恋，于是，2005年春节过后，他返回到了这座城市，如今在一家外资公司上班。
付槿听了陈泽宇的殇情，一边苦笑，一边感叹道：“为什么我们的情感结果都是如此不尽人意呢？”随后，她不待他追问，把苦涩的遭遇和盘托出。
从此，每到周末，陈泽宇总来串付槿的门。为了让付槿从痛苦颓废中走出来，陈泽宇搜肠刮肚地讲一些笑话逗她开心。有时候，陈泽宇买来一些菜。每次，他的饭菜不仅做得漂亮，味道也不错。而且，他在吃饭中，营造出来的气氛让付槿感到十分轻松。
2006年3月，一天晚上，付槿加班回家，骑电动车经过一条小巷时，三个歹徒拦住她，抢走了她的包。第二天，她把惊险遭遇说给陈泽宇听，他的表情像在听恐怖故事。一会儿，他从另一张沙发坐过来，眼睛牢牢地盯着付槿，认真地说：“槿槿，我有个想法已有多日。我们都没有找到意中人，都是情场沦落的人，这种局面也许还会持续很长一段时间。所以，我们先在一起凑合凑合，做一对寄居情人。以后你加夜班，我来接送你，一直到你找到新的护花使者。”
陈泽宇告诉付槿，其实，他的这种想法是现时许多年轻人热捧的一种恋爱模式。理论是：一对男女没有找到真爱，但是他们又需要一个异性在身边。这样，他们不如在一起生活一段时间。如果觉得舒服，就可以订婚甚至结婚；如果一方觉得不如意另一方，或者找到了更好的人，两个人的“寄居情人”游戏就无条件地结束。
付槿并不是一个很传统的女孩，她犹豫了一晚，便同意了。第三天，她搬到了陈泽宇居住的住宅楼，他住406，她住306，但她对他有言在先：他们只寄居情感不寄居身体。
“寄居情人”陷进爱情里，对她有了卑鄙的行为
就这样，付槿和陈泽宇过起了“寄居情人”生活。每天，陈泽宇接送付槿上下班，风雨无阻。付槿有轻微的胃病，每次，两人外出吃饭，陈泽宇总是不忘叮嘱服务员：“不要太辣了，她不能吃太辣的菜。”
陈泽宇的情感，逐渐吹散了付槿头上的阴云。
2006年6月的一个夜晚，当陈泽宇正在埋头修改一份计划书的时候，忽然地停了电。他燃着打火机去找蜡烛，才发现蜡烛早已用光。怎么办？明天上班时需要上交经理的呀。他打开阳台的门往下看，只见付槿房间亮着光。于是他径直下了楼。付槿出来开了门，刚洗过澡的样子就更加动人，湿漉漉的头发上一边闪着晶莹的小水珠，一边散发出幽香的洗发香波味道，薄薄的睡衣下面还能隐隐约约地看到她微耸的、内衣的轮廓，凹凸有致的曲线写满了性的诱惑……他的脑袋就像充了血一样，从心底涌起一阵冲动。付槿看到他异样地注视着她，她醒悟过来，回屋披了件外衣。陈泽宇尴尬地笑了笑，说明了来意，付槿弯腰到床边的抽屉里找蜡烛，臀部的线条，尽现眼前，陈泽宇制止不了沸腾的欲望，从背后搂抱住了她。
付槿一下子怔住了。缓过神来，她想挣脱他的搂抱，可他却抱得更紧，而且一只手在她身体上抚摩着，一边在她耳边小声说：“我们都是成年人，为什么就不放开些呢……”渐渐地，他的抚摩和身上微微的体味，攥住了她的每一根神经。理智要她推开他，但她却柔软无力……
事情过后，付槿后悔不已。她清楚，自己并没有爱上他，虽然她打破了游戏规则，把身体也“寄居”给了他，但她认为，这仅仅是两具身体的接触，与爱无关。
付槿把身体寄居了一个多月，她的身边再次出现了一位真命天子。2006年8月初，一天中午，一位女友答谢一个叫王筠的男人，约他吃饭时付槿也在。女友将他们相互介绍时，付槿心里便对他有了认同感。他身上有一种儒雅和豪爽并存的气质，言语也风趣。更重要的是，他除了脸略瘦削，几乎就是她第一个男友的翻版。女友告诉付槿，王筠很有能力，不但未到30岁就已经官位部门经理，还精通两种外语。
这么条件优越的男人怎么会没有女朋友呢？事后付槿向女友提出疑问。女友笑道：“不知道。可是，我从他凝视你的眼神里，看出来他对你有文章。我估计，他肯定会约你。”
付槿半信半疑。没想到，两天后，她却真的接到了王筠的电话。“出来坐坐吧，我请你吃饭。”那晚，可能是缺少女友这个“第三者”，王筠没有上次的那般拘谨，他对付槿表现得很殷勤。饭后，两人兴味盎然地绕着河边月牙形的街道，散了半个小时的步。
从那以后，王筠便时不时打电话约付槿出来吃饭、游玩。经历过情感沧海的付槿当然明白王筠的心思。在她看来，王筠肯定爱上了她，他捅破窗纸只是时间问题。
于是，9月的一个晚上，当陈泽宇的手伸进她的内衣里，想恣意快乐时，她用力地推开了他，坦率地说：“泽宇，我已经找到了新的男友，而且，他对我用情很是专一。所以，以后我们不能继续寄居身体。”付槿的一席话语，对陈泽宇来说，犹如一记闷棍。他立刻将茶杯一推，瓮声瓮气地说：“男人都是身体最近，灵魂最远的动物，都有着强烈的征服欲。短短的一个月时间，你就能保证他的情感没有掺假？”说完便径直转身离去。
随着陈泽宇“砰”的一声重重关门声，付槿有些不知如何是好。
其实，付槿一直视陈泽宇为超越那层男女关系的朋友，并没有窥到他的情感变化。原来陈泽宇在与付槿朝夕相处的日子里，逐渐陷进了这场“寄居情人”的游戏里，对她萌生了许多爱情因子，可他万万没有想到，就在自己绞尽脑汁地筹划着如何向她表露心迹的时候，她却已经有了意中人。
当晚，陈泽宇辗转反侧，无法入眠。天亮时，他下了决心。付槿还没有起床，他就敲响了房门。他直截了当对她表达了自己对她压抑已久的爱慕，并诚恳地说：“槿槿，我们结婚吧，我会好好对你一辈子的。”
付槿一听，坚决地摇头，一脸严肃地告诉他，她一直很感激他的关怀，对他充满深深的好感，可是，在她眼里，他只是哥哥。
从此，付槿再没有和陈泽宇有过。但陈泽宇无法说服自己。
很长一段时间，陈泽宇都辗转反侧，无法入眠，脑子里满是付槿的影子。他脑子里总是不断地重复着付槿拒绝他的话语，心里满是一种落败和沮丧夹杂的滋味。考虑到睡眠不足将会影响工作，最后，他只好买来安眠药。每晚，临睡前他都要服用安眠药，然后才能够缓缓沉入梦乡。
2006年国庆节过后，一天晚上，他拿出安眠药的时候，忽然，脑中闪过一道灵光，一个计划浮现在他的脑海。
两天后，陈泽宇抓住了个机会，趁付槿不备，偷偷地用橡皮泥复制了她丢在茶几上的房门钥匙。当天晚上，他给付槿送去她喜欢喝的酸奶，而付槿根本没想到他暗暗地往酸奶里放了少量的安眠药，毫不设防地当面喝得一干二净。
一会儿，陈泽宇估计药性将要发作，假意告辞。然而，过了一个小时，他像幽灵般地用配制的钥匙打开了付槿的房门……事情结束后，清理干净“现场”的陈泽宇又幽灵般地回到自己的房间，他感到一种不安，感到自己太卑鄙，对不起付槿，但他又觉得自己是真心地爱着付槿的，这不过是没有办法的办法。他的心思是，付槿一旦怀孕，一方面，他便向她负荆请罪，要杀要剐任她处置，只求她怜悯他的爱，看在孩子的份上，嫁给他；另一方面，他决定亲口告诉“第三者”王筠，付槿怀了他的骨肉，劝说他退出。
第二天、第三天晚上，陈泽宇又想方设法地又让付槿吃了混合着安眠药的东西。然而第四天，却出现了让他意想不到的情况，她搬了家，搬到距新男友不远的一个小区去了。自然，他的“怀孕”计划搁了浅。为此，他懊丧不已，后悔自己为什么不早点产生这个计划！
香消玉殒，一场情人寄居的游戏如此结果
2006年11月，付槿和王筠一起启程去了云南古城丽江。王筠听从付槿的话，特意为他们挑选了靠江边的一家小客栈。第二天晚上，两人相聚在付槿的房间。小窗户外面是挨家挨户流过的小河，安静的夜里只听见水流的潺潺声。忽然，王筠看着付槿，认真而深情地说：“槿槿，虽然我们相识时间不长，但我被你的美丽、善解人意和才气彻底征服了”。停了一下，他严肃地对着小河发誓：“无名河呀，你为我们作证，我爱槿槿！”付槿幸福地投入王筠的怀抱。
可是，付槿热烈地把红唇靠近，缓缓轻柔地脱王筠的衣服时，出乎她的意料，王筠戛地刹住了车，说：“还是等到新婚之夜吧。”然后他的手只是抚摩着她的身体，却始终没有再进一步。王筠对的谨慎、认真，让付槿对他更加挚爱。
从丽江回来，付槿和王筠结婚的话题提上了日程。最后，婚期定在了2007年元旦。
但是，意外总是发生在最不设防的时候。12月初，因为夜晚受了凉，付槿感冒了。第二天上午，王筠驾车陪同她来到医院。谁知，医生却告之：“你已经怀孕，以后可要注意些，不要生病感冒，这样对孩子不好。”
医生的话，太出人意料。
付槿惊愕得如五雷轰顶，瞪圆了双眼：“不可能，不可能！你肯定弄错了！”医生和蔼地对她说：“从你停经时间和医检结果推断，你已经怀孕两个月了。如果你不相信，不妨到其他医院做次复检吧。”
走出医院，王筠脸色铁青地看着付槿，再也忍不住地指责道：“付槿啊，没想到你是个这样随便的女人。”付槿张着嘴还不知道如何申辩时，王筠又冷冷地说：“很难以启齿是吧？你也别说了，我们分手好了。”说着头也不回地走向停车场，驾车独自而去。
王筠的车子从视野里消失了，付槿茫然地蹲在地上，眼泪刷刷刷地流了出来。她自问：“我怎么会怀孕两个月呢？即使和陈泽宇避孕失败，应该也是怀孕三四个月呀？”
一连几天，想来想去，付槿对腹中冒然而出的孩子，仍旧是百思不得其解。
那些日子，遭遇王筠抛弃的付槿，只能把所有的泪水往自己肚子里咽。有一天下午，她从酒吧喝酒回来，路过陈泽宇的住地，想到他从前对她的好，心蓦地一动，便走上楼。没想到，迎接她的却是又一个意外！
房门虚掩着却没有人，她等了十多分钟，他还没回来。神差鬼使地，她打开了他的电脑，看到里面有一个叫“殇情”的文件，她随手点开了它。一开始她并没有仔细阅读其中的内容，只以为是他从网上下载的文章，但是渐渐地她目瞪口呆：原来是这样！难怪她会莫名地怀孕！
原来，这竟是一本陈泽宇倾泄情感的“私密日记”。他在倾泄自己用安眠药想让付槿怀孕的文末，喟叹道：“为什么我这么爱她，老天却不怜惜我，让她怀孕啊！”
她被击懵了，觉得浑身冰凉、颤抖，感到世界都在旋转。她“啪”地关闭电脑，悻悻地而去。她想，如果陈泽宇出现在面前，她肯定会克制不住，拿刀杀了他！
那夜，愤怒像海啸一样吞没了付槿。“不行，我得教训教训他！”最后，她悲愤难抑地自言自语。
第三天傍晚，付槿打电话向陈泽宇编造了一大堆王筠喜新厌旧的话，然后她悲戚戚地说：“泽宇，你过来陪我喝杯酒吧。”陈泽宇受宠若惊，一边安慰她，一边连忙应允。
晚上8点，陈泽宇兴冲冲地赶到付槿的住处，付槿早已准备好一桌菜肴。那晚，当他们喝完一瓶红酒，付槿已经倾诉得泪眼蒙蒙。微醉的陈泽宇，怜爱地伸手为她擦泪，她丰腴的身子却瘫软在了他的怀里。他一直处于干涸状态的身体迅速膨胀，不顾一切地将她抱起来扔到了床上。
谁料到，就在陈泽宇着蠢蠢欲动，付槿忽地从枕头下摸出一把水果刀，一边恼怒地说：“陈泽宇，你卑鄙，别怪我心狠！我要废了你！”陈泽宇大吃一惊，酒也醒了一半。他赶紧一把抓住她拿着刀的手腕，一使劲刀掉在床上……慌乱中，他用力一推，将付槿推下了床，她倒了下去，血汩汩而出――后脑勺碰在了玻璃茶几的一角。一切都是在顷刻间，付槿的脸在日光灯下，分外苍白……
大约过了十分钟，陈泽宇才缓过神儿，赶紧打通了120。可是，付槿还是因流血过多而亡，同时陈泽宇也因自己的过失被囚禁。不久，大姐来探监，并告诉他：“从付槿的遗留日记里，她腹中的孩子系你的骨肉……”
第6篇：情人节寄语范文
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5、上帝说在情人节前发短信给十个美女，就会一生快乐，可我只认识你一个!上帝说：没事，她级别高，一个顶十个。祝顶级美女情人节快乐!
6、山无棱，天地合，也要逗你乐;海可枯，石可烂，不可与你散;到天涯，到海角，也要把你找;大地荒，苍天老，对你关爱不能少!情人节快乐!
7、三杯酒下肚，表白有神助;两杯酒碰杯，彼此心灵交汇;同饮一杯酒，爱情一辈久。今天葡萄酒情人节，浪漫红酒不容错过。愿你爱情甜蜜，幸福永远!
8、如果有神灯，我只要一个愿望就足够了，那就是与你永远在一起。亲爱的，玫瑰情人节到了，愿我们就这样牵着彼此的手一直走下去。
9、如果你是天鹅，就要嫁给宁静的湖水;如果你是海燕，就要嫁给澎湃的大海;如果你是鲜花，就要嫁给明媚的春天;但是你就是你，就要嫁给我。情人节快乐!
10、如果爱情是电影，那幸福定是主题，如果爱情有插曲，那旋律定是甜蜜，如果爱情是对白，那话语定是缠绵，电影情人节，与你共同演绎爱情的衷贞，愿你电影情人节快乐!
11、不要那么累不要那么疲惫，不舒服的时候歇一会，饿了要吃不要怕贵，工作累了不要和自己作对，到点吃按时睡，和想念你的朋友来聚会!祝情人节快乐!
12、花缘香韵，水漾伊人，找一缕芬芳，弹一曲时尚，芬芳的气息是大地的香魂，时尚的纹理如彩霞缤纷。听，让人激动，看，让人冲动，你，让我心动。情人节快乐!
13、如果我是一丝风，我要为你拭去烦忧;如果我是一片叶，我要为你遮挡炎日;如果我是一缕光，我要为你照亮前程!我是你的好朋友，我要给你送去情人节祝福!祝情人节快乐!
14、一封温馨，一包甜蜜，一袋幸福，一桶健康，一箱平安，一箩快乐，一粒爱心，加上我满满的祝福，愿收到此信息的你永远幸福快乐无忧健康如意!祝情人节快乐!
15、好情谊清清爽爽飘飘洒洒明明白白，好朋友真真诚诚纯纯洁洁心心相照，而我对你呵，只是希望在我独自跋涉的人生单行道上有你共勉!祝情人节快乐!
16、每一片花瓣，都带有我真挚的祝福，款款关怀，绵绵祝福，声声问候，拜托清风传送，愿鲜花与绿叶结伴，点缀你绚丽的人生，愿你情人节快乐。
17、风让树活起来，潮汐让海水活起来，灯光让城市活起来，星星让夜空活起来，音乐让气氛活起来，你的短信让我的心跳起来!祝情人节快乐!
18、世上最难断的是感情，最难求的是爱情，最难还的是人情，最难得的是友情，最难分的是亲情，最难找的是真情，最难受的是无情，最难忘的，是你开心的表情!祝情人节快乐!
19、如果情感和岁月也能轻轻撕碎，扔到海中，那么，我愿意从此就在海底沉默。你的言语，我爱听，却不懂得，我的沉默，你愿见，却不明白。
20、爱加爱等于非常的爱，爱减爱等于爱的起点，爱乘爱等于无限的爱，爱除爱等于爱的唯一。或许对于你来说，我的出现只是你生命中的100+1=101。但对于我来说，你的出现在我生命中却是0+1=1的算式。
21、世界是一片海，你我是彼此的避风港。地球是乐园，我们要用心游荡。在玫瑰花尽情绽放的新的一年，我们迎来新的浪漫。我爱你，宝贝。情人节快乐!
22、思念就像巧克力，苦苦的，甜甜的不敢想你，怕会想你：不敢说想你，怕更想你其实，我真的真的好想你
23、明知会失去自由，明知这是一生一世的合约，为了得到对方，为了令对方快乐，也甘愿作出承诺。恋爱旳一个追求不自由的过程，当你埋怨太不自由了的时候，就是你不爱他的时候。
24、在我的爱情世界里，你就是我的唯一。谁叫我爱的就是你。在没有发现的时候,我迷失了自己的方向,在你来到的时候,我找到自己的指南针!
25、做一艘小船，让它载着我思念的心，划向远方的你，送上我温柔的吻，解开你眉间的忧，赶走你心中的愁
26、在漫漫人生的旅途上，我们差点擦肩而过，是你轻轻的拉住了我的手，真希望这双温暖的手永远牵着我!
27、再艳丽的玫瑰也会凋谢，但我对你爱永远不变;再甜的巧克力也会过期，我对你的热情却永远也不会消退;电影感人不过90分钟而已，我对你的宠爱却是一生一世直到永远心不移!亲爱的，我爱你!让我来保护你一辈子吧!
28、2是我爱你的爱，1是我对你的爱一心一意，4是我爱你一生一世(4)。今天2、14情人节，我想对你说：我爱你一生一世永不变!
29、最遥远的距离，不是生死相隔，不是天各一方，而是我站在你的面前，你却不知道我爱你。
30、初次的相见，你便是我无法抹去的思念;命运捉弄，你我擦肩而过。纵使有缘无份，我依然是你忠实的朋友，衷心祝福你情人节快乐!
31、初恋是雾，你是雾中的玫瑰，隔着青纱看你，叫我心醉!!!
32、从见你的第一眼开始，我就发现终于找到我的另一半了!我要给她一生的幸福!从未动摇过!我坚信一生不动摇!情人节快乐!快乐情人节!
33、玫瑰花瓣染指你的美丽，幸福在你的微笑中洋溢，满天繁星是我的思念点滴，你的气质让我着迷，看到你，给我平添爱的勇气。情人节只想说声真的爱你!
34、情人节不能一起度过，不能送给你早应该属于你的玫瑰花，但是我会用我对你的爱去浇灌这火红的玫瑰花，等你来拿!
35、爱你是我一生无悔的决定，漫天星星都是我注视你的眼睛。无论结局如何，我都知道：此生最爱是你!情人节快乐!
36、我是你近旁的一株木棉，和你缠绕在画。根，紧握在地下;叶，相触在云里。你是春日的风，温情又柔和，忽然间吹到了我的怀抱中，把我的心儿也吹动。
37、我要让巧克力的浓香围绕你，让玫瑰花的清香萦绕你，让节日的烟花照耀你美丽的面庞，当烟花绽放的那一刻，你会在上面看到我用心为你写下的三个字我爱你，亲爱的，情人节快乐
38、最远的是山，最近的是心，隔着山水相望，不如真实地靠近，爱你，决定嫁给你!
39、爱是一种感受即使痛苦也会觉得幸福、爱是一种体会即使心碎也会觉得甜蜜、爱是一种经历即使破碎也会觉得美丽。
40、生命中最美的相遇，是你;岁月中最美的季节，是你。有你陪伴的日子才温馨，有你牵手的生活才幸福。今生牵了你的手，只愿一直陪你走。情人节快乐!
41、生活给我出了个难题，送给我这么可爱的你，我该怎么庆祝?生活也给你出了个难题，送给你这么忠诚的我，你该如何解决?让我们共度这温馨的情人节吧!
42、深夜没有你的时候，我把你想成枕头;白天没有你的时候，我把你想成日头;有一天真的没有你的时候，我，只剩骷髅。这个情人节你可千万别让我变骷髅呀!
43、给爱一张不老的容颜，让相爱过都终身不变;给爱一个不悔的誓言，让相爱过都彼此思念;给爱一片辽阔的蓝天，让那真爱充满人间。情人节幸福快乐!
44、我积蓄着千亿年的相思，十亿年的力量，十亿年的气息，只为在情人节大声的对你说我爱你!
45、鸳鸯也会羡慕我们的恩爱，蜂蜜也会妒忌我们的甜蜜，双飞蝶也会为我们的缠绵而感动，亲爱的，有你真好!我要爱你一辈子!
46、前世的五百次回盟，才能换来今生的与你相逢，如果是真的我原用一万次去换与你的相爱，告诉你：我真的好爱你!
47、思念就像巧克力，苦苦的，甜甜的不敢想你，怕会想你：不敢说想你，怕更想你其实，我真的真的好想你
48、我们徜徉过的小树林，我们观赏过的蓝色黄色粉红色的花朵，一切的一切，仍然依旧。你什么时候回来，我们一起再同游?
第7篇：情人节寄语范文
关键词：清洁型；机器人；设计原理；方法
DOI：10.16640/ki.37-1222/t.2017.03.215
1 清洁型机器人的拖地原理与工作方法
1.1 清洁机器人拖地机理
当需要被清洁的地面为泥土时，只需要将地面垃圾扫干净，无需对地面进行清洗。当需要被清洁的地面由泥土变为光洁的木板、石板时，仅仅将地面上垃圾扫干净并不能满足地面清洁要求。光洁的木板上存在的污渍无法通过清扫被去除，需要介质溶解地面污渍，然后通过抹布将地面擦干净。由此可见，洗地技术主要是针对扫地技术无法解决的问题，但同时洗地技术对地面的要求相对较高。清洁机器人的拖地技术源于人使用拖把拖地的传统拖地技术，但是在传统的拖地技术上提出了更加苛刻的条件，传统的拖地技术可描述为：
步骤一：将拖把浸泡在水中，蘸取适当的水；步骤二：利用拖把清洗地面污渍； 步骤三：拖洗一段地面后，将拖把上的污水挤掉。
一个传统拖地过程可认为是这三个步骤的循环，在拖地过程中的每一个步骤都是有人的参与，每一步骤出现问题都会得到人为控制，从而确保拖地任务能够完成。但是如果这一过程中没有人的参与，而是由一个机器执行这些动作，往往会出现很多问题。比如在第一步中，拖把蘸取水的量一般无法界定，水量过少不能实现拖地的效果，但是水量过多，会造成地面水残留。第二步中，为确保地面擦洗干净，拖洗时间也无法具体确定。第三步中，无法确定拖把是否需要挤掉污水。由此可见，清洁机器人的拖地机理并不能等同传统的拖地方法，需要做更深层次的研究。
为清除地面的污渍，清洁机器人拖地技术需要针对传统拖地技术中存在的可变因素进行量化。建立各变量之间的数学模型，并确定各变量之间的约束关系，在此基础上研究拖地方法确保污水不会残留。
1.2 常用的清洁机器人拖地方法
目前的拖地技术也取得相关的研究成果，主要的方案为：湿拖技术和洗地技术。清洁机器人的湿拖技术是针对水残留的一种解决方案。该方案针对造成水残留的根源进行拖地方法的设计，机器人的出水量控制到了最低程度从而保证地面没有水残留。该技术的具体实施可描述为：在清洁机器人前端加上一块设计有若干细孔夹持板，夹持板下方可连接抹布，在抹布上设计有储水装置，在拖地过程中，储水装置中的水不断的供给抹布，使其达到拖地的效果。湿拖技术主要的优点在于，方法简单，拖地结构易于设计。缺点是，由于出水量小，没有设计清洗装置，不能清理一些顽固污渍。
为了能够清理掉地面顽固污渍，则不能减少机器人的出水量，洗地技术应运而生。该技术在理论上实现了传统的拖地机理与机器人相结合，具体可描述为：首先，清洁机器人开始移动，将清洗液喷洒到清洁机器人前方；然后，毛刷将洒上清洗液的地面刷一遍；最后，回收洗过的地面上的清洗液。
2 基于海d滚压的拖地方法设计
为了实现减少地面水残留的目的，在分析传统与现有清洁机器人拖地原理的基础上，提出一种基于海绵滚压地面的拖地方法。如图1所示，该拖地方法提出的拖地系统主要由三部分组成。
第一步：将清洁的水喷洒到地面上，目前拖地型机器人在喷水设计方法上有很多方法，这里主要谈论滴水方式，如图 2所示，该方案的优点在于，滴到地面上的水量是可计算的且出水比较均匀。
第二步：采用硬度适中的刷子刷洗地面，将地面污迹清洗掉。如图3所示，喷洒过净水的地面在经过刷子刷洗之后，地面污迹被清洗掉，此时地面留下污水。
第三步：将地面的污水回收。污水回收方法是否合理决定整个拖地方法是否有效。本文提出滚压的拖地方法具体污水回收过程，如图4所示，在拖地过程中，海绵刷压在地面上，当接触到地面污水时，由于海绵自身具有吸水性，污水会被海绵吸收。海绵在转动过程中受到刮条的挤压，此处的污水会被排出海绵，进入机器人内部的回收槽。该污水回收方法主要运用到了海绵吸水性强的特性，但是海绵刷子的转速，地面污水量以及刮条嵌入海绵的深度等因素都会影响海绵回收污水的性能。为彻底分析该回收方法的有效性，需要对海绵刷的各参数进行建模分析，从而确定各参数的合理范围，验证该方法的合理性。
3 结语
综上所述，目前室内地面清洁机器人作为新兴行业，存在许多技术问题，需要我们去研究。将来，室内地面清洁工作有望完全交给清洁机器人，让机器人技术造福人类。
参考文献：
第8篇：情人节寄语范文
每一位将要面临手术的患者都具备着相同的心理状态，即紧张、恐惧、焦虑不安。人工膝关节置换术患者由术前急性疼痛和应激，导致出现全身肌肉收缩、寒战、胃肠道反应等症状，给麻醉医生或手术者带来诸多不便。音乐疗法是集音乐、医学、心理学于一身的综合性应用学科，同时也是一种治疗手段[1]。通过使患者在手术中享受优美的音乐来放松自身紧张情绪，转移对手术的注意力，缓解其对疼痛的敏感度。本科于2008年始，将轻音乐在人工膝关节置换术中应用，收到良好效果，现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料：本院2008年1月—20011年12月拟行人工膝关节置换术患者48例，其中男性18例，本文由收集整理女性30例，年龄50—85岁，平均年龄为66.3岁，均无高血压、心脏病等病史，意识清楚，心理听力正常。
1.2 方法：将患者随机分为2组，每组24例，音乐组和对照组。对于音乐组患者，手术室护士于术前1d到病房进行探视，介绍手术室环境及有关注意事项，针对患者存在的心理障碍给予一定的心理疏导。了解音乐组患者对音乐的好爱，同时向患者介绍几种轻音乐，根据个人喜好选择一种作为该患者在手术时的背景音乐；对对照组患者实行常规探视。2组患者入室后均使用多功能心电监护仪监测血压、心率、呼吸，并记录。音乐组患者于入室后5min时开始播放轻音乐，向患者介绍背景音乐的内涵，引导进入意境，以增强疗效；手术室人员于术前1d根据患者自述喜好的音乐类型准备多首音乐，使用小巧玲珑的mp3播放，既好安置又好保管，选择质地柔软的海绵耳机，以保证患者的舒适。告知患者如有所需，可口头转达护士，耳机音量由手术室巡回护士根据患者的要求调节。对照组患者则常规麻醉、手术。
1.3 效果评价：①术中患者的生命体征。②患者自述中紧张程度及术后恢复情况（术后回访情况）。③伤口疼痛级别分为：0级（不疼痛）；1级（有疼痛感觉，活动后明显）；2级（静止时即有疼痛感觉，可耐受）；3级（疼痛感觉明显，不可耐受，需用药控制）；4级（疼痛影响正常生活及睡眠）。
2 结果
2.1 2组患者术中生命体征比较（见表1）
2.2 术后回访情况：音乐组患者：精神状态好，自述切口疼痛为0级，无其他异常情况，手术切口清洁干燥，无渗血。患者表示术中播放轻音乐能放松心情，减轻压力，转移对手术的注意力，疼痛感觉不明显。对照组患者：精神一般，自述切口疼痛1级，手术切口清洁干燥，无渗血。患者反映术中有很大的敲锤声，有恐惧感，感觉对较长时间的手术强迫不适应，术中焦躁不安，有疼痛感。
3 讨论
3.1 人工膝关节置换术者多为老年人，其心理状态也各有不同，术前多为悲观、焦虑、恐惧、情绪低落、思想负担重。此类手术多采用椎管内麻醉，术中患者神志清楚，手术器械的敲捶声或医生对手术的商议声、叹息声都会加重患者的紧张、焦虑程度，引起患者焦躁不安，血压升高、心率增快、甚至术野出血增多等不利情况。
3.2 音乐治疗是科学系统地运用音乐的特性，通过音乐的特对人的影响，协助个人在疾病的治疗过程中达到生理、心理、情绪的整合[2]。术中播放优美的轻音乐，能调节大脑边缘系统和脑干网状结构的功能，通过神经结构和人体内脏及躯体机能起调节作用，从而达到镇痛、镇静、调节心率、降低血压、改善肌肉紧张度的效果[3]。和谐悦耳的音乐旋律能直接改善精神状态，转移人的注意力，使患者放松，减轻紧张、焦虑，从而调节其呼吸、循环、内分泌系统的生理功能[4]。不同的音乐风格也将给不同年龄创段的人带来不同的感受，故应让患者自己选择喜好的乐曲，以利于其情绪、心态的稳定。
3.3 本研究对24例人工膝关节置换术者在手术当中给予轻音乐干预，通过术中监测生命体征和术后患者自述紧张程度、术后回访患者恢复情况的综合评价，认为优美动听的乐曲可使人们产生安宁、愉悦的心情，缓解紧张焦虑的状态，从而在一定程度上减轻了心理压力，血流动力学指标平稳，减少出血，缩短手术时间，使手术顺利完成。
第9篇：情人节寄语范文
关键词：非负矩阵分解；特征提取； 表情识别；部分遮挡
中图分类号：TP391文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-3044(2011)13-3105-02
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Improved Non-negative Matrix Factorization
TIAN Jian-hua
(School of Distance Education, Heze University, Heze 274000, China)
Abstract: This paper presented a facial expression recognition method based on improved non-negative matrix factorization with sub-region occlusion judgment. Given a still image containing facial expression information, expression feature vectors are extracted by non-negative matrix factorization firstly. Secondly, facial expressions are classified by using a maximum correlation classifier. Experiment on Cohn-Kanade facial expression database shows that the method improves the expression recognition for both non-occluded and partially occluded faces.
Key words: non-negative matrix factorization; feature extraction; expression recognition; partially occluded
人脸表情识别是人工智能和模式识别领域的研究热点，人脸表情识别在许多领域都有着潜在的应用价值，这些研究领域包括心理学研究、图像理解、合成脸部动画、机器人技术及虚拟现实技术等。
子空间分析法是人脸表情识别技术中发展的一种较为成熟的方法，它能够对高维的人脸图像降维，然后在低维的子空间中实现表情识别。非负矩阵分解（Non-negative Matrix Factorization，NMF）是一种新的子空间分析方法，NMF方法要求子空间的基以及样本在空间上的投影系数都是非负的，这一约束导致了投影到子空间的数据只能是子空间基的加性组合，而不存在减运算。因此，所获得的对数据表示的非负基所张成的子空间是非正交且部分无界的，使得对数据的表示更为紧凑，冗余性也更小，表示效率更高，即对图像具有更好的夹逼性，从而更有利于对图像的表示。因此，人脸表情特征的提取中，非负矩阵分解克服了其他分解方法在特征脸空间上投影得到的投影系数可能出现正负相互抵消的情况。非负矩阵分解中，无论是特征图像，投影系数以及重建图像，都能保证是非负的。
在人脸表情识别中，文献[1]提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解与支持向量机相结合的面部表情识别方法，使用NMF算法进行表情特征提取，采用支持向量机进行表情分类，在JAFFE表情库中取得了有效的识别。文献[2]提出了一种基于二维非负矩阵因子的人脸表情识别方法，运用二维矩阵结合NMF进行表情特征提取，采用最近邻分类器进行分类，也取得了不错的识别。文献[1]和文献[2]都是在表征面部的整幅图像进行矩阵分解，对无遮挡的人脸进行表情识别，为了能对有遮挡的人脸表情识别具有较强的鲁棒性，本文提出了一种基于改进的NMF算法的人脸表情识别方法。
1 非负矩阵分解算法
非负矩阵分解算法（Non-negative Matrix Factorization，NMF）是Lee等人[3]提出的一种新的矩阵分解方法，NMF的主要思想是分解后的基图像矩阵和系数矩阵中的元素均是非负的。非负性约束使得基图像之间只能通过相加的方式进行线性组合，这与人脸由局部特征组合而成的思想是一致的。由于局部特征表示方法对面部遮挡及光照具有一定的鲁棒性，适于解决人脸图像问题。
NMF问题可描述为：对一个m×n的非负性矩阵V，可将其分解为一个m×r的基图像矩阵W和一个r×n的系数矩阵H的乘积。
V=WH (1)
式（1）中基图像矩阵W的每一列代表一个基图像。通常r的取值满足（m+n）r
当NMF采用V的散度来近似Y=WH时，NMF算法等价于求解如下优化问题[4]：
(2)
式（2）中，W和H满足关系式W,H≥0。
通过乘法形式的修正式，可以得到上述优化问题的局部最优解，从而获得NMF基图像。其迭代公式如下：
(3)
2 改进的非负矩阵分解算法
在人脸表情识别应用中，NMF算法虽然能将表征人脸各部分的基图像进行线性组合从而表征整个表情图像，但是，NMF算法只是近似的分解成两个非负矩阵的积，并没有明确考虑数据的几何结构和判别性信息。为此本文改进的NMF算法是在NMF算法的基础上引入类内类间离散度约束，得到判别性较强的矩阵分解。改进的NMF算法的目标函数为
(4)
式（4）中矩阵V是由n幅人脸表情图像V1，V2，V3，…，Vn构成的训练集，矩阵W是由r个基图像构成的子空间W=[W1，W2，…,Wr]。γ和δ为正常数。W和b分别代表类内离散度矩阵和类间离散度矩阵，均由投影后的图像矢量i=WTVi定义。设c为所有样本可分的类数，nr为属于第r类中的样本数，则类内散度矩阵和类间离散度矩阵定义为：
(5)
(6)
式中(r)代表第r类投影后样本数的均值矢量，即。为所有投影后样本数的均值矢量，即 。其中N为样本总数，即。
3 实验结果及分析
实验在Cohn-Kanade人脸表情数据库[5]上进行。为了减少非关键信息干扰，本文先对原始图像进行剪切、几何归一化和灰度归一化等预处理，处理后的图像为60×90。实验中从表情数据库中选取15个测试者作为样本，每个测试者有六种不同的表情，即生气、厌恶、恐惧、高兴、悲伤、惊奇，每个测试者每种表情有9幅图像组成表情序列，这些序列帧用于训练和测试。其中，选取每个测试者每种表情的4幅图像作为训练样本集，其余图像作为测试集。为了比较NMF和改进的NMF方法的性能，本文对无遮挡的表情图像用这两种方法进行实验，而为了验证改进的NMF算法对存在遮挡表情图像的识别具有鲁棒性，本文对存在眼睛、嘴巴遮挡的表情图像只用改进的NMF算法进行实验。本文用最大相关分类器进行表情分类。
在无遮挡的人脸表情识别中，NMF算法正确识别率是生气94.7%，厌恶85.3%，恐惧88%，高兴92%，悲伤89.3%，惊奇84%。改进的NMF算法对六种表情正确识别率为生气97.3%，厌恶86.7%，恐惧90.7%，高兴93.3%，悲伤90.7%，惊奇85.3%。由实验结果比较可知，在对每一种基本表情的识别中，改进的NMF算法都比NMF算法正确识别率有所提高。
在有遮挡的人脸表情识别中，首先对原始图像进行人工处理，分别得到眼睛遮挡和嘴巴遮挡的表情图像，然后对有遮挡的表情图像进行实验如上所述。改进的NMF算法对六种表情的识别效果如图1所示。
由图1知，眼睛遮挡时，对生气、厌恶和惊奇三种基本表情的正确识别率下降较大，生气降到89.3%，厌恶下降到82.7%，惊奇下降到78.7%。可以看出眼睛遮挡对生气、厌恶、惊奇影响较大；嘴巴遮挡时，对生气、恐惧、高兴、惊奇四种基本表情的正确识别率下降较大，分别下降到88%，76%，86.7%，77.3%，可以看出嘴巴遮挡对生气、恐惧、高兴、惊奇影响较大；眼睛遮挡和嘴巴遮挡相比，嘴巴遮挡对六种基本表情的正确识别率更低。由实验可知，嘴巴遮挡对表情识别的分类影响较大，其次是眼睛遮挡。
4 结论
本文提出了一种基于改进的非负矩阵分解算法的人脸表情识别，对无遮挡和存在遮挡的人脸分别进行了实验，实验显示了改进的非负矩阵的优越性，尤其是对存在遮挡的人脸表情的识别具有较强的鲁棒性。
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