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关键词: 中期选拔英语考试 语法和词汇 解题技巧
“中期选拔”是在我省高职高专教育中通过全省统一考试选拔优秀学生进入本科学习的简称,即学生在高职高专二年级第二学期末,经过考试选拔录取到本科院校相应专业学习两年,获得该专业本科学历证书和学士学位证书。无论是理科还是文科,英语都是必考科目,统一考试科目的参考书为高等教育出版社出版的《新编实用英语》立体化系列教材、上海外语教育出版社出版的《新世纪高职高专英语》。
中期选拔英语考试试卷满分为150分,不考听力。题型分为客观性试题和主观性试题,客观性试题信度较高、覆盖面广,而主观性试题则有利于提高测试的效度,能更好地检测考生运用语言的能力。2003―2006年的考卷分为语法和词汇、阅读、翻译和作文,2007年的考卷增加了完型填空题。以2007年的考卷为例,具体分值和题型见表1。
表1:中期选拔英语考试试卷分值及题型
在以上题型中,语法和词汇这部分对考生来说,具有一定的难度,虽然考生已经学习语法多年,但是历年考试也表明,考生稍有疏忽仍易出错,所以这部分的得分并不高。下面以2003―2007年考试试题为例,谈谈如何掌握词汇和语法题的解题技巧。
第一部分:词汇和语法结构。本部分测试考生运用句法结构、词法、词性(词性变化)和词汇辨析的能力。本部分包括Section A和Section B。
Section A
Section A的题型为选择题,题目数量为30题,题号是1―30,每题1分,共30分。测试语法的范围很广,考点是时态与语态、情态动词、非谓语动词(动词不定式、分词、动名词)、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、主谓一致、倒装句、强调句型、反意疑问句、代词、形容词和副词等。语法所占的比率在这部分题中大约为70%―90%,而词汇辨析题所占的比率在这部分题中大约为10%―30%。
解题技巧:
在做本节的选择题时,应该先读懂句子,分析该句的结构及句子成分,大致推断出该句的测试点,再从选择项中找出答案。特别要注意:①首先要搞清楚要填的是哪种语法现象,是时态还是非谓语动词,是介词还是连接词,是虚拟语气还是情态动词,是关系代词还是关系副词,等等。②其次要看看所选的时态、语态、连接词等填入句中是否合乎语法规则,③然后判断一下,是否有更合适的选择项。因为只有一个答案是对的,如果有更合适的选择项,说明原来的选择是错的。④选用时态时要注意表示时间的状语,如yesterday,tomorrow等;如果是复合句,还要注意前后的时态是否一致。⑤选用介词时,要注意它与动词或名词的搭配是否恰当,如on可以与rely和depend搭配,但不能与manage搭配。⑥选用关系代词时,要注意它是代人还是代物,前者要用who,whom,whose,后者要用which,that,但是在强调句“It is...”中则可用that代替人。⑦还要注意,所选的结构是否是固定搭配,如take it for granted,on the whole,as a matter of fact中的it,on和as是不能替换的,等等。
实考试题1(2007年实考试卷第1题):
_________ is well-known to all,too much stress can cause disease.
A.Which B.As C.That D.It
本题测试的是关系代词的用法。As is known to somebody是个常用的状语结构,一般放在句首,意思是“众所周知”。全句的意思是:“众所周知,压力太大会产生疾病。”所以本题答案是选项B。选项A)Which虽然也是关系代词,但通常不置于句首。选项C)That与选项D)It都不可以作关系代词。
实考试题2(2007年实考试卷第13题):
_________ yesterday,I would have asked him not to do that.
A.Had he come B.Provided he came
C.If he come D.Has he come
本题测试的是虚拟语气的用法。全句的意思是:“如果他昨天来,我会要求他不要那样做。”事实上是指他昨天没有来。该句所表达的是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句:“If主语had+过去分词,主语should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。该句可以改写为:If he had come yesterday,I would have asked him not to do that.虚拟条件句中省略if,则应部分倒装,将had放句首。解此题的关键是要能辨别出虚拟语气。
实考试题3(2007年实考试卷第21题):
It occurred to her that she might _________ a homeless child.
A. adapt B. adopt C.adjust D.admit
本题是道词汇辨析题。本句的意思:“她产生了一个想法要收养一个无家可归的孩子。”adapt“适应”,adopt“收养”,adjust“调整、校正”,admit“允许”,从句子意思来看,B)选项adopt“收养”符合句子意思。
Section B
本节的题型为填空题,题目数量为10题,题号是31―40,每题1分,共10分。
本节的测试重点为词性变化和语法结构。其中几题测试词性变化,主要指动词、名词、形容词和副词四大类实词之间的转化;题干中给出词的原形或根词,要求考生根据句子的含义及构词方法填入正确的词形。另外几题测试语法,范围主要是:动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、虚拟语气及主谓一致等。
解题技巧:
考生在做这部分试题时,常常失分较多。主要原因是:①无法判断该词在句中应该是什么词性,这要从该词在句中的地位和作用来判断,例如在定冠词后面只能是名词,在主语后面的应该是谓语等。②对前后缀的变化不熟悉,如manage变成名词“管理”时应加-ment(management),legal的否定词是illegal等,这要靠平时对词性变化的学习和重视才能掌握好。③对语法结构有认识的能力,但是活用能力不够好,这更要靠平时大量锻炼才能用得得心应手。④平时对拼写注意或练习不够,拼写能力差已经成为很多学生的通病,必须加以特别的用心。这里必须指出,本门考试与有的考试不同,它十分注意考查学生的语言运用能力,很多试题都是要考生自己写出文字而不是指认答案,因此要考出好成绩,必须在平时重视拼写和词形变化。
正确的解题方法还是应该先读懂句子,判断句子的结构,以及所缺的空格处应填入什么句子成分,从而推断出该句的测试重点。若判断出试题的测试重点为词形变化,则根据对句子的理解和句子结构分析,推断出应填入的词的词性,再根据括号中所给出的词,进行相应的变化――加前缀或后缀,将其正确的形式填入空格;若判断出该试题的测试重点为语法结构题,则根据对句子结构的分析和对全句的理解,推断出所测试的语法点,再根据括号中所给出的词,将其正确的语法形式填入空格。
实考试题1(2006年实考试卷第39题):
Jim had to exert all his (strong) to pull the man out of the driver.
看到形容词性的物主代词his,her,my,your,our,their,its,冠词a/an,the后都必须跟名词。本句话的意思是:“吉姆用尽全力将那个人从河里拉出来。”本题有一个很明显的标志词his,后面一定要填名词形式,所以要填strong的名词形式,即strength。
实考试题2(2007年实考试卷第34题):
I shall never forget _________(meet) her on the first day at college.
本句考的是非谓语动词。forget后可以跟不定式,也可以跟动名词,但是意思有区别。forget to do sth.忘记了(还没有发生的事),forget doing sth.忘记了(已经发生的事),本句话中已经遇见过了,动作已经发生了,所以填meeting。
总之,要在词汇和语法题上拿高分,一定要扩大词汇量和系统复习语法中的词法和句法,如果词汇量掌握得好,语法结构了解,解题技巧就高。除此之外,一定要做历年真题,只有真题才能准确反映考试的信度和效度。做真题不是死记答案,而是要把考点熟练,无论哪道题都能熟练运用技巧,有了好的精神状态,解题效率自然就提高了。
【关键词】选择题 高考英语 试题
一、引言
选择题是各类测试中常用的一种题型,它由题干和三个或三个以上的选项构成,要求受试者根据题干提供的信息从选项中做出恰当的选择。选择题答案固定,不需要评分人员的主观判断,易于给分,能够保持很高的评分信度。现在采用光电阅读器来读答题卡,更省力,速度更快。
二、选择题的发展
1.选择题的引入。1965年,高考试卷中出现了一道五选一的多项选择题,这标志着我国高考英语试卷中开始引入选择题。从形式上看,当时我国对选择题还处于引入阶段,出题技巧欠缺,试题质量较差,这道选择题的题干无法提供完整的信息,考点比较模糊,只能说是选择题的雏形,还不完整。在这道选择题出现之前,都是主观测试,这说明我国的英语测试一直以来都是受写作翻译测试法的影响。从1965年出现这道选择题,我国开始引入结构主义心理测量法。选择题是结构主义测量法的代表题型之一,由于当时的理论水平还不够,题型的质量尚不如人意。
2.选择题的发展。恢复高考后,1978年的试卷中出现了65年用过的选择题,采用三选一的形式,当时称为选择法填空,共30小题,占30分。同时,阅读理解题也开始采用四选一的选择题,跟现在采用的阅读测试方法相同,只是当年只有一段二百多字的短文,短文后有四个小题,每小题5分。可以看出我国当时对选择题的重视,表明结构主义心理测量法已经被中国的测试专家所接收。选择题评分客观,信度高,正好符合人们对高考成绩公平、公正的时代要求,受到教育界及广大考生的高度认可。只是由于当时对它的认识还不是很充分,所以79和80年的高考试卷中,四选一的选择题只有20个小题,占20分。此外,79和80年的阅读理解采用了两种题型,即填空题和选择题,选择题每小题3分,采用三选一的形式,降低了选择题的难度和分值。这都说明了我国测试学专家在结构主义心理测量学的测试方法上不断的摸索,从最初只用于测试语法到慢慢向阅读技能的延伸。82年的题型做了重要的改革,在往年题型的基础上,新增加了考查语音知识的单词辩音。直到80年代中期,我国对选择题的研究从理论上的探讨发展到相当的规模,标志着结构主义心理测量法在我国高考英语测试的实际应用中有了长足的发展。
3.选择题的成熟。从1987年起,短文填空由原来的填空形式改为四选一的完形填空,这标志着我国在测试学理论上又有了新的发展。完型填空是综合测试法的典型题型,所以完型填空在高考中的引入,标志着我国测试学在理论上的又一大进步,完形填空法的产生与格式塔心理学有着密切的关系。在此之前,受结构主义心理测量法的影响,选则题是单纯地考查知识点,虽然是句子或对话,但没有语篇,语境难以创设,而且题干和选项的选定非常主观,提供的不一定是正确输入,更不是真实的交流,考查不出考生语言理解能力。然而,多项选择完型填空题的出现,使这一现象得到了改善,将语言基础知识的考查和语篇结合在一起,可以通过一个小题的回答综合判断学生多方面的能力,这也符合当时综合测试法的观点。综合式测试主张通过一次测试全面评价被试总体语言水平,被试者需要综合运用各种语言知识或技能。在此期间选择题的使用空前广泛,最高时占试卷总分的80%,除了对语法、阅读能力的考查,还出现了单词辨音、补全对话等形式。
4.选择题的飞跃。97年阅读理解增加了考察交际能力的选择题,这标志着我国高考英语的发展进入了全新的阶段,此时的高考不仅重视语篇及语言应用,更加重视学生交际能力的检测,这与当时交际理论的盛行是密不可分的。理论上交际理论和选择题是矛盾的,但语言测试专家Heaton[3]23认为选择题与交际语言测试并非是非此即彼的关系,在很多交际测试中仍可限制性地使用此题型,特别是测试阅读和听力时。2000年,教育部考试中心在当年的4种高考试卷中,有3种试卷增加了听力,虽然在这3种试卷中听力所占的分值不同,但我们看到了国家对学生交际能力的重视。2003年高考英语听力测试在全国普及,促进了基础教育阶段学生的听力水平,因引入了听力,高考去掉了沿用多年的单词辨音这种20世纪中叶结构主义语言观时流行的分立型间接测试题。2004年是我国高考历史上改革幅度最大的一年。同往年相比,2004 年的试题更加突出语言的交际性,更加强调英语知识的灵活运用。可以说,2004年高考英语测试已成功地实行了从知识型向能力型的过渡,这也体现了后来高考英语命题的走向。到目前为止,高考英语考试中选择题的题型基本趋于稳定,只是由于听力测试施考的难度较大,所以有些省市对听力有不同的做法,仍有个别省份不考听力,有些省份不把听力成绩计入总分,但未来的发展,听力一定是高考口语考试中必不可少的一部分。
三、总结
作为标准化的测试题型,选择题具有试题设计规范、试题答案唯一、可用机器阅卷等特点,被公认为是一种信度极高的考试题型,仍将是未来高考英语测试及其他测试中主要的题型之一。
参考文献:
[1]胡春洞,王才仁.英语测试论[M].南宁:广西教育出版社,1996.
关键词:阅读理解 设题分类 解题技巧
一、阅读的地位、考查特点及考纲对阅读的要求
(一)阅读的地位
阅读理解是高中英语阅读教学与考查的重点和难点,高考英语命题在此方面着重考查学生的综合运用能力,从阅读培养中获取信息和分析处理信息的能力,学生的综合运用能力集中呈现在读的方面。纵观近年来的高考英语试题,阅读理解无疑是考查的重点,能否做好阅读理解,则是获得高分的关键。
(二)阅读理解的考查特点
高考试题选材真实地道,题材广泛,涵盖人文、科技、社会、教育、文化、环保、体育等各方面;材料选择注重思想性和实用性,兼具时代性和新颖性,同时关注语言知识与运用的关系,突出综合能力的考查。命题特别注重考查学生对语篇、语境的整体把握和深层理解。
(三)考纲对阅读的要求
《考试大纲》对阅读理解的基本要求是:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及如公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,考生应能:
1.理解主旨和要义;
2.理解文中具体信息;
3.根据上下文推断生词的词义;
4.做出判断和推理;
5.理解文章的基本结构;
6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
命题者应根据大纲及新课标的要求进行设题,题目应有据可依。另外,测试专家们对测试的内容选择、文章长度及高三学生的阅读速度都做出了相应验证,这就为教学及命题提供了理论基础。
二、高考阅读设题分类及做题技巧
根据考纲规定的考查内容六项要求,命题者们一般将阅读理解题归纳为以下几类:主旨大意题、细节理解题、综合推理题、概括归纳题、词义句意理解题、作者态度与观点类等。下面结合近几年高考阅读理解题中的几大重点,分别谈谈其设题方式及相应的解题技巧。
(一)主旨大意题
阅读理解首先要做到掌握阅读材料的主旨大意,它是全文的概括与总结。就像是一棵大树,你应从树干看起,俯瞰或是仰视,不要被它的枝繁叶茂所迷惑而一一去啃树叶。学生要想充分的理解主题句,需要会“”主干,不能眉毛胡子一把抓,死啃哪片“叶子”。
解题时,首先应抓住主题句。他们一般位于文章的开头或结尾,也就是说每段的首句或尾句都有可能是重点句。同时,对于每段文章的中心句进行总结。其次,应抓住文章的逻辑线索,理清文章的发展脉络,寻找上下文的思路。
(二)细节理解题
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章某一细节或重要事实进行辨认和理解。其信息一般都设在原文的某一段落中,在文中可直接或间接找到答案,但答案往往与原文中的语句并非完全一样,而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。做题时需要回视原文找到信息点,并对其进行信息加工,选出答案。
细节理解题一般分为两类:
1.事实细节题。
2.细节推理题。
教材的编辑在所选文章中也会兼顾细节和推理这两点,如牛津版模块八阅读部分设计了狄更斯的名著《远大前程》,作者给我们提供的信息足以让我们感兴趣,却不足以向我们揭示整个故事,在设计练习时,C1练习中就细节理解涉及一些习题,而一系列悬念还需要去设想和推理。因此,根据细节进行推理是进一步的技能考查,这类题型要在浏览原文的基础上再进行细节排查和推理。拿2010重庆卷为例,细节题共9个,其中细节推理题三个,足见其重要性。
(三)词义理解题
词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标。词义理解与否往往会影响到对全文的准确把握程度。鉴于这类题型往往只要求考生能够对短文中的某个生词、熟词(熟词新义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的定义,或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。在具体阅读过程中,对于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的词汇,就跳过去,以免影响速度,做题时只需查找该词的语境,联系上下文理解即可。
常见题型如:The underlined words “leisure industry”in paragraph 3 refer to .(2010高考全国II C篇第52题)
A.transport to ski resorts
B.production of family cars
C.business of providing spare time enjoyments
D.part-time work for people living in the suburbs
对于学生而言,“leisure”即为陌生词汇,但在具体做题过程中,利用上下文语境、常识和语篇中反复出现的ski,resort,craze等词汇,很容易就能推断出来。
(四)推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查考生透过字面意思深层理解文章的能力,要求考生能够准确理解语篇逻辑关系,从而领会细节的暗示,通过已知信息推断作者的观点和态度,判断文章寓意等,或由某一细节或描述推导出多选题的选项。
以2010年江苏高考卷为例,一共8道推理判断题,占阅读理解总分的一半以上,而其他省市此类题也不亚于5~6个,常见的提问方式:According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family most probably
.(2010年江苏卷57题)
A.owned or drove a cart
B.made things with metals
C.made kitchen tools or contains
D.built houses and furniture
解题时由于文中第六段最后提到姓氏是Potter的人可能制作锅、盘之类的东西,再结合下段内容可推测这种姓氏的祖先很可能制作厨房用具或容器,因而答案为C选项。
(五)概括归纳题
在词义与句意理解的基础上,结合上下文总结归纳段落大意,对于把握文章主旨、分析全文结构都是很重要的,它重在考查读者的概括理解能力。常见的提问方式一般有:
1.归纳一段大意
如What can we conclude from paragraph 2?
2.归纳多段大意或细节总结
What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?
解题方法指导:(1)锁定相关段落,缩小范围;(2)抓住文章中连词,如then、although、however等承接或转折词及序数词等提示性语句。
其余题型还有如:作者态度和观点类题、人物评价题型、计算推理题、指代替代关系题、文章出处及线索题等。在此,笔者不再一一赘述,仅就几种高考出现频率较高的题型探索其设题与解题技巧。
三、解读高考英语阅读理解设题技巧
阅读理解文章体裁选择应多样化,题材要新颖,篇幅不宜过长,要根据各省市的教育发展状况设题。
1.下面就阅读理解题目答案与干扰项进行分析。答案项一般设置如下
(1)原文中所含信息;(2)原文中可排除的信息;(3)原文词句的近义词或相反结构;(4)对某生词、长句或难句的诠释;(5)对原文难句的推断或某种事实的归因分析;(6)对原文作者态度的判断;(7)对某种结果的计算;(8)对某段落或全文的主旨大意总结。
2.一般情况下,干扰项有如下几个特点,学生做题时尤其要注意:
(1)吻合原文信息,但答非所问,或在推理判断题中出现,但此信息无需推断;(2)符合日常生活常识或伦理,但与文章内容无关;(3)与原句内容近乎相似,但却有所变动;(4)整个句子一半正确,一半错误;(5)与原文不矛盾,但却不能完全满足题目要求,未能切中文章的主旨或作者的思维模式,以偏概全,或没有立足原文,以自己的观点代替作者的观点。正确答案应该切中题目主旨,与原文意义一致,不能似是而非,应有所依据,不能主观臆造。
总之,高考题目虽然题材新颖,变幻多端,作为考生,我们只要平时掌握阅读策略,提高阅读水平,扩大阅读的知识量,再多了解、钻研一些命题、解题技巧,就会拥有一双慧眼,“胸有伟略”,临阵不慌,在高考中取得辉煌战果。
参考文献:
[1]英语考试研究(2010・4).
[2]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[M].北京:人民教育出版社.2003.
第I卷 (选择题 共85分)
一、听力测试部分
第一节(共5小题, 每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面5个问题。每个问题后有三个答语。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后,你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。
( )1. A. An hour later. B. Fifteen minutes ago. C. For about half an hour.
( )2. A. Yesterday morning. B. In the house. C. A stone.
( )3. A. Very much. B. My brother’s. C. 500 yuan.
( )4. A. Sounds good. B. No problem. C. Of course.
( )5. A. Very tall. B. The top floor. C. Good idea.
第二节(共7小题,每小题1分,满分7分)
听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( )6. When did the train leave the station?
A. At 9:15. B. At 9:10. C. At 9:20.
( )7. When does the man start?
A. At 6:20. B. At 6:50. C. At 5:50.
( )8. Which pen does the man want?
A. The red one. B. The black one. C. The blue one.
( )9. Where is the woman’s son now?
A. In Hong Kong. B. At home. C. In Beijing.
( )10. What does the woman mean?
A. Her father doesn’t smoke anymore.
B. Her father likes smoke.
C. Her father wants to give up smoking.
( )11. What does the woman mean?
A. She thinks it would never happen to her.
B. She thinks she will be very lucky.
C. She thinks it’s possible.
( )12. Will the woman go to see the film?
A. Yes, she will. B. No, she doesn’t like it.
C. No, she can’t.
第三节(共13小题,每小题1分,满分13分)
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、
第I卷 (选择题 共85分)
一、听力测试部分
第一节(共5小题, 每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面5个问题。每个问题后有三个答语。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后,你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。
( )1. A. An hour later. B. Fifteen minutes ago. C. For about half an hour.
( )2. A. Yesterday morning. B. In the house. C. A stone.
( )3. A. Very much. B. My brother’s. C. 500 yuan.
( )4. A. Sounds good. B. No problem. C. Of course.
( )5. A. Very tall. B. The top floor. C. Good idea.
第二节(共7小题,每小题1分,满分7分)
听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( )6. When did the train leave the station?
A. At 9:15. B. At 9:10. C. At 9:20.
( )7. When does the man start?
A. At 6:20. B. At 6:50. C. At 5:50.
( )8. Which pen does the man want?
A. The red one. B. The black one. C. The blue one.
( )9. Where is the woman’s son now?
A. In Hong Kong. B. At home. C. In Beijing.
( )10. What does the woman mean?
A. Her father doesn’t smoke anymore.
B. Her father likes smoke.
C. Her father wants to give up smoking.
( )11. What does the woman mean?
A. She thinks it would never happen to her.
B. She thinks she will be very lucky.
C. She thinks it’s possible.
( )12. Will the woman go to see the film?
A. Yes, she will. B. No, she doesn’t like it.
C. No, she can’t.
第三节(共13小题,每小题1分,满分13分)
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段材料,回答第13至第15题。
( )13. How many languages can the woman speak?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
( )14. What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman can write French.
B. The woman can’t write German.
C. The woman can speak German and write it.
( )15. What does the man think of Japanese?
A. It’s the same as German.
B. It’s difficult.
C. It’s easy.
听下面一段材料,回答第16至第18题。
( )16. What’s the film?
A. It’s full of police. B. It’s full of action. C. It’s full of music.
( )17. When will they see the film?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. On Sunday.
( )18. What’s not true according the dialogue?
A. Mary is asking Peter to see a film together.
B. The film will last for an hour and a half.
C. The cinema is not far away from them.
听下面一段材料,回答第19至第22题。
( )19. How long have the woman been working on her experiment?
A. More than a week. B. Nearly a year. C. About a week.
( )20. What did the woman just do?
A. She just finished an experiment.
B. She just finished reading the books she borrowed.
C. She just finished writing a paper.
( )21. How was the experiment?
A. Very successful. B. Bad. C. It was not finished yet.
( )22. What’s the woman going to do next?
A.To borrow some books on how to do experiments.
B. To write a paper.
C.To go on doing some experiments.
听下面一段材料,回答第23至第25题。
( )23. How long did the boy stay on the farm?
A. About 24 hours. B. About 3 days. C. A whole week.
( )24. According to the boy, who is poorer?
A. The farmer’s family. B. His own family.
C. He can’t tell.
( )25. After hearing his son’s words, what did the father most probably feel?
A. Happy. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed.
笔试部分
二、选择填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
( )26. ―You are quite sure that Allen will win the singing competition?
―Yes, you see he’s so ______ in himself.
A. sure B. proud C. strict D. confident
( )27. ―Where’s my umbrella, I can’t find it anywhere.
―Sorry, it’s here. I took it ______ in the morning.
A. by myself B. by mistake C. by accident D. by hand
( )28. ―You’d better not ______ me when I am working.
―I just want to ask you an important question.
A. bother B. break C. fill D. call
( )29. ―I saw you were riding your old bike to school.
―That’s because I can’t______ to buy a new one.
A. decide B. afford C. remember D. allow
( )30. ―Some of the information on the net is bad for the teenagers.
―That’s true, and it may have very bad______ on their future life.
A. influence B. agreement C. comment D. challenge
( )31. ―I’ll answer your questions later, I’m now ______ my own job.
―Sorry to trouble you. Maybe another time.
A. giving away B. setting up C. leaving for D. concentrating on
( )32. ―It’s too noisy outside, I just can’t doing my work.
―Go on with it ______ is happening, then you can complete something.
A. however B. whenever C. whatever D. wherever
( )33. ―Do you think our basketball team will win the match?
―I think so. We have better players. I ______ them to win.
A. hope B. suppose C. expect D. think
( )34. ―Our teacher is ill in bed, let’s______ a doctor at once.
―Let’s go together.
A. become B. lead C. fetch D. catch
( )35. ―Our money has______, can we think of a good idea to collect some?
―I think we’d better ask our parents for help.
A. run out B. given out C. put off D. turned off
( )36. ―My father is ______ buying a new computer?
―That’s quite good. Then you’ll have your own computer.
A. suggesting B. thinking C. considering D. starting
( )37. ―Can you guess the______ why Tony suddenly changed his plan?
―Maybe he wants to go with another group instead of us.
A. purpose B. support C. habit D. mark
( )38. ―The kids all believe the old man has some kind of______.
―I can’t believe that. No one can fly with a broom.
A. trouble B. pleasure C. dream D. magic
( )39. ―I’ll not be Tim’s friend any more.
―Don’t be angry. He’s just so ______, but in fact he’s good to us, you know.
A. full B. direct C. kind D. silly
( )40. ―Jack is good at speaking, we all like to listen to him.
―Yes, there is______ in his speaking which we should learn.
A. secret B. art C. fun D. meaning
三、完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
At 13 years of age, my parents and I visited an eye doctor. As I sat in the examining chair, the doctor looked into my eyes and said to my parents 41 . “She did inherit(遗传)it, and medicine does not 42 . ”
My father carried a gene (基因) 43 blindness. I’d inherited(继承) the gene. He gradually lost his eyesight and so did I. At last we were both completely 44 .
My world crumbled (崩溃) as the darkness 45 , destroying the dreams my husband and I had for us and for our three little boys. But when I tried to find some 46 and strength, my eyes were opened to a new civilization (文明).
My father had given me not just failing eyesight, but an 47 of determination in the face of trouble as well. We were all living in Bolivia in 1964 when he decided to move the 48 to America. 49 in the States, he overcame many difficulties and although he couldn’t speak much English, he managed to rent a small 50 and buy airline tickets for my mom, my brother and me. He and Mom worked day and night to win the right (权利) of 51 in the US.
Many years later, as an American, I looked 52 at what he’d taught me. He set an example proving that determination is 53 to success. His journey taught me valuable 54 for dealing with my blindness.
I did the same as I stepped into a dark world. My father’s example made me get confidence and 55 to be thankful for what I had.
( )41. A. kindly B. patiently C. quickly D. coldly
( )42. A. use B. happen C. work D. care
( )43. A. causing B. feeling C. create D. helping
( )44. A. dead B. blind C. pround D. mad
( )45. A. looked B. built C. feared D. fell
( )46. A. excuse B. hope C. awards D. manners
( )47. A. experience B. experiment C. idea D. example
( )48. A. trouble B. car C. family D. hope
( )49. A. Important B. Sleepy C. Lucky D. Alone
( )50. A. plane B. bag C. apartment D. land
( )51. A. living B. teaching C. working D. traveling
( )52. A. up B. around C. hard D. back
( )53. A. empty B. direct C. ancient D. crucial
( )54. A. sights B. lessons C. tastes D. thoughts
( )55. A. learn B. forget C. continue D. offer
四、阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列材料,从各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
A
That Easter day I found out we were so poor. The minister brought us the money for the poor family, so we must be poor, I thought. I didn’t like being poor. Everyone there probably already knew we were poor! I thought about school. I was in the ninth grade and at the top of my class of over one hundred students. I wondered if the kids at school knew that we were poor. We sat in silence for along time. Then it got dark, and we went to bed. All that week, we girls went to school and came home, and no one talked much. Finally, on Saturday, Mom asked us what we wanted to do with the money. What did poor people do with money? We didn’t know. We didn’t want to go to church on Sunday, but Mom said we had to. Although it was a sunny day, we didn’t talk on the way. Mom started to sing, but no one joined in.
At church we had a speaker. He talked about how churches in Africa built schools and houses for the poor people, but they needed more money to buy foods. The speaker said, “Can’t we all give away some money to help these poor people?” We looked at each other and smiled for the first time in a week.
Mom reached into her purse and pulled out the envelope. She passed it to Darlene, Darlene gave it to me, and I put it into the offering.
When the offering was counted, the minister announced that it was a little over five hundred dollars. The speaker was excited. He hadn’t expected such a large offering from our small church. He said, “You must have some rich people in this church.” Suddenly it struck us! We had given four hundred and twenty dollars of that “little over five hundred dollars.”
We were the rich family in the church! Hadn’t the speaker said so? From that day on, I’ve never been poor again.
( )56. When the writer’s family was given the money for the poor, she probably felt ________.
A. thankful B. surprised
C. fair D. embarrassed
( )57. The mother decided to go to the church to __________.
A. hang out with her kids
B. donate the money to poor people
C. cheer her kids up
D. show other people they were not poor
( )58. What does the underlined word “announced” mean?
A. Spoke loudly in public.
B. Made a hard decision.
C. Host a good program.
D. Discovered an exciting result.
( )59. Which of the statements is true?
A. The writer was born in an African country.
B. The writer didn’t like going to school.
C. The mother was very helpful to others.
D. The mother didn’t want the money given by others.
( )60. What can we learn from the article?
A. It’s not good to receive other’s money.
B. Being poor, you still can help.
C. Churches are good places to learn.
D. We should regard difficulties as challengies.
B
For rent
A two-storey building is for rent(租借) here. It is on Wenhua Street, near the community park and also not far from the No.1 Middle School. The first floor is a house of 150 square meters, decorated with big glass windows. It is big enough for you to open a small restaurant or a bookshop. If necessary, some changes are also acceptable. There are 3 bedrooms of the same size with some furniture, a kitchen and a bathroom on the second floor. Besides, there is a big hall connected to the building where you can store goods. You can also change it into a teahouse. The building is convenient for you to work and live in.
For more information, call 027-86967815.
( )61. The building for rent ___________.
A. is a nice apartment near a park
B. has two floors
C. is a part of No.1 Middle School
D. has a tea house
( )62. Who most probably will rent the building?
A. A teacher.
B. A football player.
C. The owner of a restaurant.
D. A barber.
( )63. If you rent the building, ________.
A. you can cook your own meals there
B. you must make some changes to the building
C. you may take a bath downstairs
D. you needn’t buy any furniture
( )64. We can learn from the passage that _________.
A. the building is not a good place for business
B. the first floor is quite bright in the day
C. the building will suit a small family to live in
D. the big hall is not useful at all
( )65. The first floor is decorated with big glass windows, it means_________.
A. it’s good for business
B. it’s very expensive
C. the building is very tall
D. the building is neither cold nor hot all year round
C
For long, a little boy was wondering why his next desk-pal could rank(排名) 1st in the class whenever he wanted to, however, he only ranked 21st.
At home, he asked his Mom, “Mom, am I more stupid than others? I feel I am as careful as him, but why do I always fall behind? ” Hearing the words, Mom realized that her son had very strong self-respect. Looking at him, she went without saying anything, not knowing how to explain.
In another test, the son ranked 17th, while his pal remained 1st. Back home, he asked the same question. Mom really wanted to tell her son that intelligence (智力) makes the difference. However, did her son really need such an answer? Thank goodness, she did not open her mouth.
How to answer her son’s question? There were times she almost declared, “You are too lazy. You are not as hard-working as others…” but she stopped when saw her son in deep pains of his grades and rankings. She thought she should try to find out a perfect answer.
Time passed quickly, the son finished primary school. Although studying harder and better, he was still unable to keep up with his pal. To show her pride of him, Mom decided to take him to the sea. During the trip, she managed to give out an answer.
Now, the son no longer worries about his rankings, and there are no longer boring guys who would asking his rankings in primary school, because, with the 1st ranking, he is accepted by Tsinghua University. Back home in winter vacation, he was invited to give a speech to the students and parents in his high school. In the speech, he mentioned a valuable experience in his childhood, “…When my mother and I was lying on the beach, she pointed to the front and said, ‘Do you see the seabirds scrambling (争夺) for food over there? When the waves come near, little birds can rise quickly while “clumsy” sea-gulls would take more time to complete the process (过程). However, have you noticed birds that finally fly across the ocean are those “clumsy” sea-gulls?’”
( )66.When the boy asked his mother the same question again, _________.
A. he almost had no confidence in himself
B. he had actually made some progress in his studies
C. his mother had already found the right answer
D. his mother became quite angry and sad
( )67. The underlined sentence “intelligence makes the difference” means _______.
A. students ranking 1st are supposed to be cleverer than normal ones
B. clever students sometimes make silly mistakes in the exams
C. sometimes less clever students can do better in different situations
D. you should study hard no matter how clever you are
( )68. The mother took her son to the seaside _____________.
A. to tell him he should be the quick little seabird rather than the seagulls
B. to teach him he should be stronger if he wants to be successful
C. to show him birds seemed clumsy can do greater things
D. to remind him the happy childhood he had spent by the sea
( )69. Which of the following is Wrong?
A. The mother can’t explain many things to her son.
B. The son tried his best in his studies and finally did very well.
C. The speech he made probably moved lots of students and parents.
D. The seabirds he saw by the sea gave him a good lesson.
( )70. What’s best title of this passage?
A. Beautiful birds can’t fly far.
B. Grades are not everything.
C. Nothing is impossible.
D. The slow should start early.
第II卷 (非选择题 共35分)
五、词与短语选择填空(本题共10分,每小题2分)
仔细阅读下面五个句子,然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示:选项中有一个是多余的)
[mistakes / soft / solve / tastes / lessons / belong to]
71. There are several ________ in your homework.
【关键词】英语提纲式作文;汉语主题突出;英语主语突出
(1)针对高考作文题目中,对学生情感、态度、价值观的考察,我们在教学中,要切实落实新课程的三维目标,我们要始终明白:知识与技能,过程与方法,情感态度价值观,三者之间的紧密性如果一个学生没有独立的判断,没有独立的人格,独立的思想,他会再多的英语单词又有什么价值呢?我想,这就是为什么近四年高考作文题目对这一维度目标的持续考察。
(2)学生观察汉语的“意合”,英语的“形合”,对汉英差异有初步意识。从心里认知角度,去认识两种截然不同的语言形式,语言风格,不再强求字字对应,句句翻译。
学生分析英汉两种语言,不难得出汉语(孤立语)缺乏形态变化。我们应该进一步指出:汉语主要考词汇表意,动作性强,语法模糊(这就是为什么学生抱怨英语语法了,我们的汉语里缺乏有效的形式连接),不受形式约束,重在意念,不重在外形。一个汉字往往暗含深意,切不可逐字翻译。
英语(曲折性语言):学生体会,总结英语的特点,形式变化丰富。
教师指引:英语是形态表意(时态、语态、语气、体数、格级,性别)A.语言形态明显(主动,被动,施事,受事);B.比较级,最高级,单复数;C.非常讲究形式,结构严谨,形式规范。这也是我们写作经常错误的本质原因
(3)对英语主语的高度重视。学生拿出曾经写的英语作文(考试作文),数一数里面的句子,几个有主语,几个没主语。没主语的句子,句义是否能理解,其后动词的形式怎么样。再对比汉语作文(考试作文),重复上面的动作。教师指引:汉语“话题+说明/评论”,英语“主语+谓语”写作时,从主语入手,找到突破口。化话题性的,概念性的,为具体性。学生再次审视英语作文句子,观察人称多,还是物称多,有没有用it。教师指引:①英语句子必须有主语,即便用it代替,作形式主语。②主语是谓语的描述对象,位置在句首,在句中举足轻重。③主语决定动词的数,同时也决定动词其它形式。④所有主语必须是名词性的,这点很不同于汉语。(汉语动词常做主语)语序排列都依靠于与主语的紧密程度。“牵一发而动全身”针对无主句,我们需要增补主语:先找谓语动词的主语,没主语用it(it做形式主语)。与学生生活最紧密的主语:“三个学”:学校,学生,学习(活动)可逐项展开。学校(school, campus,teaching building, library, reading room);学生(student, monitor, teacher, kids, parents, grandpa);学习活动(reading/singing/swimming/speech/composition/KTV contest, etc)。
(4)学生观察并认识。A.修饰词与中心词的排列顺序汉语,顺线性排列(就像一条细线,在线的末端打个结,那个结就是中心词,这个中心词牢牢地抓住句子)。也就是:修饰词在前,中心词(head word)在后。例如:“站在树下的小男孩是我的弟弟。”扩展为“穿着T恤,带着墨镜,站在那棵板栗树下的男孩是我弟弟。/ a boy standing under the chestnut with sunglasses and T-shirt is my younger brother.英语:既可顺线性排列,也可逆线性排列(类比于顺线性,它的结可以在句首,也可在句末)。也就是说修饰词可在后,也可在前。例如:英语中大量的后置定语(形容词present, alive, 非谓语动词)等等情况,恰恰说明了这一点。The professor present at the meeting was a swindler.I knew the guy stealing from the rich to give to the poor.正是由于排列顺序的不同,导致了英汉句型的差异。
B.汉英句型差异。英语句子向中间扩展(mid-branching):①导致了插入语的惯用法,to be frank, if ever.②定语从句中,介词的提前,即介词+关系代词,向右扩展(right-branching),句子尾部呈开放型(open ending)。
①导致了英语中基本句型――定语从句的惯用法。②导致了英语句子呈正三角形结构:头小尾巴长,脑袋轻,身子重。学生有了这些意识,能更好理解定从,也有机会写出地道的句子。作为一名教师,能站在一个高度,去审视,去反思我们的英语教学,而不是一味地责备学生。
参考文献:
【导语】心者,栖神之舍;神者,知识之本;思者,神识之妙用也。2018年吉林高考英语已于6月8日11:30结束考试了,
2018年吉林高考英语试卷采用全国Ⅱ卷,全国卷Ⅱ适用地区包括:陇、青、蒙、黑、吉、辽、宁、新、陕、渝、琼。广大考生可点击下面文字链接查看。
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