元旦标语精选(九篇)

前言：一篇好文章的诞生，需要你不断地搜集资料、整理思路，本站小编为你收集了丰富的元旦标语主题范文，仅供参考，欢迎阅读并收藏。

第1篇：元旦标语范文

2.圣诞狂欢夜欢乐优惠在圣诞

3.新年新色彩，xxx印象常留

4.激情点亮圣诞好礼尽在伊呀呀

5.“购物送手套，连环大惊喜

6.千僖迎新，半价返还

7.缤纷时代冬日情怀

8.红运礼红包袋袋两重送

9.贴心礼迎新如意级数送

10.金虎报春，新年红包天天送

11.金虎送福庆庚寅，虎祥如意好礼多

12.与时俱进弘扬南汇精神，万众一心构建和谐港城

13.以党的xx大精神为指导，抓住机遇，奋发有为，开创南汇现代化事业新局面

14.聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展

15.工厂迎新年标语：

16.新年就喝健康绿茶。

17.茶叶圣诞节元旦促销广告语

18.海报换礼品，剪角来就送!开心圣诞节!

19.纯真生活，健康绿茶

20.张灯结彩喜迎新年齐心协力共谱新篇

21.和气吉祥岁岁安康四季平安年年如意祝大家新年快乐!

22.欢欢喜喜迎龙年，安全赢利又一年!

23.欢乐节日X劲爆优惠大行动!

24.迎“新”三步曲店庆“四”吉祥

25.盛世xx星光闪耀四周年庆 纵情回报顾客情

26.七夕情人节广告语

27.岁月年轮承载辉煌xx

28.XX(商场名称)给你一个心愿

29.某商场购物送大礼，圣诞狂欢惊喜多

30.庆圣诞迎新年 网恋回馈

31.特别的礼给特别的你

32.恭祝全厂员工新年快乐幸福安康如意吉祥

33.企业迎新年的标语或对联：

34.xxx公司恭祝大家新年快乐身体健康

35.XX公司祝全体员工元旦快乐!龙年大吉!

36.喜迎龙年!欢度新年!再接再励!再创辉煌!

37.三星相机中国情——吉祥如意金虎年

38.迎新年，讲文明，树新风，促和谐

39.以科学发展观统领全局，推动南汇经济社会又好又快发展

40.世界文明的盛会，我们大家的世博

41.祝大家新年快乐!

42.以我文明新貌，共庆新春佳节，喜迎世博盛会

43.文明的城市、欢庆的佳节，美好的生活

44.喜迎元旦佳节

45.抢抓新机遇，争创新优势，再创新辉煌

46.汇聚百川、服务两港、创新开拓、勇立潮头

47.公司祝各位同仁：新年好!

48.祝各位在新的一年里：身体健康，万事如意!

49.新年快乐，佳节如意!!

50.青想，激情演绎。

51.激扬青春，绽放精彩。

52.歌舞载青春，梦想筑文传。

53.张灯结彩欢度佳节，齐心协力共创伟业

54.庆圣诞迎新年 亲情回馈

55.谋发展公司同仁齐心协力建旷世奇功

56.运筹帷幄雄心开创千秋业

57.达权知变妙笔描绘万代春

58.横批财源广进

59.大吉大利过新年，事业成功辉煌年!

60.年年顺景财源广岁岁平安福寿多

61.幼儿园迎新年标语

62.一干二净除旧习五讲四美树新风

63.春*明媚山河披锦绣华夏腾飞祖国万年轻

64.五更分两年年年称心一夜连两岁岁岁如意

65.公司新年横幅标语：

66.xxx公司恭贺全体员工新春愉快阖家欢乐

67.魅力鸡年，惊喜连连

68.你过新年，我送健康。

69.启福迎祥带福回家

70.盛世星光闪耀四周年庆 纵情回报顾客情

71.xxxx年圣诞节活动购出重重温暖

72.分享首信甜蜜新年，**首信真情大回馈

第2篇：元旦标语范文

robot n.机器人

everything pron.每件事物

paper n.纸;纸张

use v.使用;利用

fewer adj.(few的比较级)较少的;较少数

less adj.(brttle的比较级)较少;较小

pollution n.污染

tree n.树;树木

building n.建筑物;房屋

astronaut n.宇航员，航天员

rocket n.火箭

space n.空间;太空

space station 空间站

fly v.飞行

took v.（take的过去式）

moon n.月亮;月球

fall v.落下;跌落;变为

fell v.(fall的过去式)

fall in love with 爱上

parrot n.鹦鹉

alone adv.单独地;孤独地

pet n.宠物

probably adv.大概;或许

suit n.一套衣服

able adj.能;能够

be able to 能够……；得以……

dress v.穿衣

casually adv.非正式地；随意地

which pron.哪个;哪几个

even adv.甚至

The World Cup 世界杯

wrote v.(write的过去式)

myself pron.(反身代词)我自己;我本人

interview n.面试;面谈

predict v.预报；预言

future n.将来;未来

prediction n.预言；预测

came v.(come的过去式)

come true 实现；达到

Sound n.声音

Company n.公司

Thought v.(think的过去式)

Fiction n.小说

unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的

scientist n.科学家

in the future 未来;将来

hundreds of 大量;许多

already adv.早已;已经

made v.(make的过去式)

factory n.工厂

simple adj.简单的;简易的

such adj.这样的;这种

bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的

everywhere adv.各地;到处

human n.人;人类

shape n.外形;形状

huge n.巨大的;极大的

earthquake n.地震

snake n.蛇

possible adj.可能的

electric adj.电的;导电的

toothbrush n.牙刷

seem v.像是;似乎

第3篇：元旦标语范文

1. i have two _______ (dictionary).one is english-chinese dictionary, and the other is chinese-english dictionary.

2. a: what’s the result of the race, mary?

b: jane is the ____ (one) in the race, barbara is the ____ (two) and i am the _____ (three).

3. the yellow river is the second _______ (long) river in china.

4. the boy is old enough to __________ (dress) himself.

5. the weather in beijing is quite ___________ (difference) from that in guangzhou.

6. i’m very _______ (interest) in that _________ (interest) story.

7. it’s more _________ (convenience) to take a taxi to the station than take a bus, but too expensive.

8. be careful! put the secret letter in a _________ (safety) place.

9. lucy is _________ (jealousy) of her friend’s beauty.

10. liu xiang and yang liwei are _________ (hero) in different fields.

二、试试你的判断力，选择正确答案。

( ) 1. everyone in our class_____.

a. enjoys to swim b. enjoy to swim c. enjoys swimming d. enjoy swimming

( ) 2.both you and i ___ wrong.

a. was b. am c. were d. is

( ) 3. they ____ many happy hours ____ along the beach during that holiday.

a. spend, walking b. spent, walking c. cost , walking d. gave, walking

( ) 4. john ____interested in chinese two years ago.

a. is b. became c. are d. were

( ) 5. ______ adults began to learn english in this small town.

a. thousand of b. thousands of c. thousand from d. thousands from

( ) 6. which one has the same meaning as “take your time”?

a. take it easy b. no hurry c. hurry up d. be quick

( ) 7. can you tell me ____________?

a. how much does it cost b. how much it is

c. how much it costs d. both b and c

( ) 8. yao ming is a _____ boy who is helping the houston rockets in nba.

a.2.16-metres-tall b. 2.26-metre-tall c. 2.16 metres tall d. 2.26 metres

( ) 9. he was ____by her beauty.

a. fascinate b. fascinated c. fascination d. fascinates

第4篇：元旦标语范文



关键词：载体；人CD81；蛋白表达；纯化

中图分类号：Q816 文献标识码：A

pCold TF原核表达载体是一种插入蛋白可溶性标签的融合型冷休克表达载体，空载体融合表达的顺序为六聚组氨酸（HisTag）、Trigger Factor（TF）、蛋白酶切位点和多克隆位点序列.蛋白酶切位点依次为HRV 3C protease，Thrombin和Factor Xa，用于去除融合蛋白的可溶性标签.TF是一种原核的核糖体结合伴侣蛋白，相对分子质量约4.8×104，它能够促进新生肽链的共翻译折叠，与目的蛋白融合表达，提高目的蛋白的可溶性.载体上带有冷休克表达系统，严格控制载体在低温条件下才能表达目的蛋白，进一步促进了目的蛋白的可溶性表达.

人CD81是一种四跨膜的非糖基化膜蛋白，由胞内的N端和C端、4个跨膜结构域、胞外小环和胞外大环4部分组成，相对分子质量约2.6×104，在B细胞、T细胞、肝细胞等多种细胞中均有表达.CD81参与细胞的粘附和信号转导，具有影响细胞增殖和分化等生物学功能［1］，是细胞表面的免疫调节分子［2］，并参与丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus，HCV）感染宿主细胞，作为HCV的一个受体介导病毒颗粒进入宿主细胞［3］，HCV包膜蛋白E2与CD81胞外大环相互结合实现HCV的感染［4-5］.针对CD81的靶向药物及特异性抗体具有抑制HCV感染的潜在功能［6-7］，人膜蛋白CD81的原核表达与纯化，为今后靶向药物筛选、抗体制备及深入研究CD81与HCV之间的关系奠定了基础.

湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2012年

第8期朱海珍等：人膜蛋白CD81的原核表达与纯化

pET28b是一种常规的原核表达载体，含有T7启动子、乳糖操纵子和多克隆位点序列等基本功能元件，在蛋白原核表达与纯化实验体系中应用广泛.在预实验中，将人cd81基因克隆到pET28b载体中尝试原核表达，发现没有可溶性目的蛋白的表达.pCold TF不仅有pET28b中的基本功能元件，还包含了冷休克表达系统和TF助溶蛋白，通过严格控制目的蛋白低温表达，以及TF的可溶性标记功能和分子伴侣作用，可以使一些表达困难的基因获得更高概率的可溶性表达.本课题改造pCold TF载体，在保留冷休克及融合表达系统的前提下，去除原载体上的HisTag序列，一方面提高了人CD81蛋白融合表达的效率和可溶性，另一方面有利于融合蛋白中的TF助溶蛋白的去除，获得不含助溶蛋白标签的全长人CD81蛋白.

1 材料与方法

3 讨论

pCold TF载体拥有冷休克表达系统和TF助溶蛋白，一些表达困难的基因在pCold TF中有更高概率的可溶性表达.但是目的基因在pCold TF中表达得到的融合蛋白含有4.8×104的TF助溶蛋白标签，标签的分子质量偏大，对目的蛋白结构及功能有较大的影响，而去除TF却不方便，因为融合蛋白表达的顺序为HisTag、TF助溶蛋白、蛋白酶切位点、目的蛋白，利用蛋白酶对融合蛋白进行酶切后，目的蛋白将和HisTag、TF助溶蛋白分开成为两个蛋白片段，目的蛋白不含HisTag，不利于目的蛋白的再回收.本文对pCold TF载体进行改造，使之不含HisTag序列，将目的基因克隆到该载体时，通过在目的基因3′端引物添加HisTag序列，其融合蛋白表达的顺序为TF助溶蛋白、蛋白酶切位点、目的蛋白、HisTag，其中HisTag不仅可用于融合蛋白的纯化，也可用于融合蛋白酶切后目的蛋白的纯化，因为HisTag仍然保留在目的蛋白上，也可作为标签用于Western blot中目的蛋白的检测，以及结合在NiNTA等载体上，用于进一步目的蛋白功能研究和特异性药物筛选等.

第5篇：元旦标语范文

【关键词】多功能电能表单表 电能采集技术 远程抄表系统

对于电能表采集中，应用现代化技术，设计多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统，可以实现通过系统管理中心网络，对电网内的公变用户、专变用户的多功能电能表进行实时监控，具有实际研究价值。以下本文对此做具体介绍：

1 当前电能采集技术的发展现状

对于电力企业中，其当前电能采集技术还具备以下优缺点，需要改进电能采集技术，才可以符合实际工作需求。

1.1 传统技术弊端

在实际用户电能表抄表工作中，由于用电用户数量众多，且地理位置分散的弊端，不仅使得传统用户电能表的抄表中需要投入大量人力、物力、财力，且抄表饿时间长，对于电表用电量也易出现漏抄、错抄的情况；还有就是降低用电数据统计计费的及时性，为入户抄表人员和用户带来不便。

1.2 现代化技术优势

设计多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统，在端下行通道中，应用RS485总线技术，实现对电能表数据信息的采集功能，对于无线抄表终端的上行通道，可以采用基于GPRS的无线网络，实现远程传输电能表单表数据的功能，并且也可以根据用户的电表交费情况以及用户的用电负荷大小，通过多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统系统的后台，运程遥控送电，具备智能性与人性化管理机制。

2 研究应用多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统的意义

设计多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统，采用电力载波和电话通信方式相结全的通信方形式，兼有二者优点，功能齐全，成本低，且多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统组织灵活，采用高可靠、处理器功耗低，运行稳定，使用寿命长，选择性强。 电力载波系统直接利用电力网通信，采用FSK载波通信方式，数字电度表采用PIC16C73单片机实现高精度数字式电度表，支持曲线数据采集功能，每隔15分钟记录一个数据点。当系统中用户的剩余电量低于催费门限时，将会发出警告，采取短信的方式，每15分钟发送1次，将用户的表号以及电表的剩余电量发送给的指定用户，共发送3次催费警告；且当用户剩余电量低于拉闸门限时，将会有系统终端控制实现开关跳闸，停止供电，该系统具有实际应用价值。

3 设计多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统的步骤

3.1 需求分析

无线抄表系统中，系统结构简单，需要采用无线收发设备来传输数据，且由于不需专门架线实现数据传输工作，不仅节约大量人力资源，更重要的是可提高抄表准确性，供电管理部门能可以及时得到用户的电表数据信息，电力用户不再需要与抄表者预约时间，具有一定便利。

3.2 硬件设计

PIC16C73芯片具备低功耗、高性能的特点，是CMOS8位单片机，其寻址空间达到4K×14大小。 PIC16C73单片机中设有专门的串行数据发送端口（引脚RC5/SDO）和相应的时钟信号发送端口（引脚RC3/SCK）。

3.3 系统结构体系

系统中，采取采集器、集中器以及主机三部分控制，软件控制其中的采集器与集中器，主要通过市电网来传输数据信号。对于采集器则需要通过485线与各个电能表的基表相连，主要用来负责采集以及发送电表数据。

3.4 软件设计

利用所学的单片机软件编程，并在实验平台操作其程序，在设计的图形中必须在实验室中操作将其流程实验成功。在多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统中，为确保发送的短消息可以多承载用户数据，故此可将系统的GSM模块定义成文本模式。

3.5 程序实现

设计多功能电能表单表远程抄表系统，可以通过编程采取软件滤波方式，提高系统内电表数据通信的可靠性。发送程序的软件编程如下：

RT BIT P1.0

MOV PCON，#80H

MOV TH1，#0D0H

MOV TMOD，#21H

SETB TR1

MOV SCON，#70H

CLR T1

CLR RT

MOV R2，#0

LOP1：DJNX R2，LOP1

MOV SBUF，#0FFH

LOP2：JNB T1，LOP1

CLR T1

MOV SBUF，#0EBH

LOP3：JNB T1，LOP3

CLR T1

MOV SBUF，#90H

LOP4：JNB T1，LOP4

MOV SBUF，#OFFH

LOPS：JNB T1，LOPS

CLR T1

SETB RT

BIT P1.0

MOV PCON，#80H

MOV TH1，#0D0H

MOV TMOD，#21H

MOV SCON，#70H

SETB TR1

SETB RT

CLR R1

LOP1：JNB R1，LOP1

CLR R1

LOP3：MOV A，#0EBH

CJNE A，SBUF，LOP1

LOP2：JNB R1，LOP2

CLR R1

MOV A，#90H

CJNE A，SBUF，LOP3

4 结论

综上所述，针对当前用户电能表抄表工作，转变传统人工方式，应用电子技术结合数字通信技术、计算机网络技术，可以实现对多功能电能表单表的远程自动抄表功能，具有实际应用价值，值得在实际中推广应用。

参考文献

[1]朱兆优.RS-485总线在远程自动抄表系统中的应用[J].东华理工学院学报（自然科学版，2012，7（18）：41-42.

[2]张锐.基于多载波扩频理论的低压电力线数据通信技术的研究[D]；哈尔滨理工大学，2011，14（12）：76-77.

[3] 朱兆优，林刚勇，王海涛.CAN总线与LPT通信接口设计的与实现[J]；东华理工学院学报（自然科学版），2010，21（14）：56-57.

[4]王琼，刘正琼，陈雁翔等.红外遥控技术在智能抄表系统中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报，2011，6（34）：45-46.

第6篇：元旦标语范文

Ⅰ. 词汇

A. 根据句意及首字母提示,写出下列各句空白处所缺的单词｡

1. You should drink p_____of water. It’s good for your health.

2. Helen is a scientist. She has been doing her r_____work for many years.

3. It’s not polite to talk loudly in p.

4. Don’t talk only. I want all of you to find some s_____to the problems we have to face tomorrow.

5. What would you do if you won a lot of money in the sports l?

B. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空｡

1. Let’s_____ ourselves into two groups.

2. They_____ Betty to have dinner with them for the Spring Festival yesterday.

3. I’d like to_____ her to you.

4. What’s the matter with you? Are you in_____?

5. The government should solve these_____ problems.

6. Tom hopes that his mother is his good_____.

7. The weather is_____ good. Why not go out for a walk?

8. If you really want to help her, what about_____ a good idea for her?

9. I’m sorry for_____ school.

10. If I_____ you, I’d take some fruits to see her mother.

Ⅱ. 单项选择

1. There’re_____ people in this city.

A. two millions of B. two million

C. million of D. two million of

2. The young woman has so many dresses, so she doesn’t know_____ every morning.

A. which to wear B. how to wear

C. what to put on D. how to put on

3. What would you do if you cut yourself_____ accident?

A. with B. at C. by D. in

4. ―All of my friends have said they will come.

―_____ they do not come?

A. Even if B. What if C. How if D. Why if

5. After a day’s long walk, I was_____ to walk any further.

A. too tired B. tired enough C. so tired D. fairly tired

6. His parents don’t let him_____ a pet. What should he do?

A. have B. to have C. has D. had

7. James is_____, and he is hardly ever tired.

A. outgoing B. confindent C. creative D. energetic

8. Our teacher asked us_____ afraid of talking in public.

A. not to B. to be not C. not be D. not to be

9. Let’s wait for her_____ to us.

A. introduce herself B. introducing her

C. to introduce her D. to introduce herself

10. He is so confindent that_____ he annoys others.

A. some time B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times

11. Amy is very friendly. She is easy to_____.

A. catch up with B. get along

C. go on with D. get along with

12. I_____ read some good books than watch a bad TV program.

A. would rather B. would like

C. had better D. prefer to

13. This doesn’t trouble him_____.

A. at the most B. the slightest

C. at the slightest D. in the slightest

14. The public_____ not always right.

A. are B. is C. am D. be

15. The number of people invited_____ fifty, but a number of them_____ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

Ⅲ. 句型转换按照括号内的要求改写下列句子｡每空限填一词｡

1. I don’t want to play football in the slightest. (改为同义句)

I don’t want to play football__________.

2. “Can my friends be in the movie?” he asked.(改为带宾语从句的主从复合句)

He asked_____ his friends_____ be in the movie.

3. If there is no air, people can’t live.(改为简单句)

People can_____ live_____ air.

4. I’ll fly to Paris if I have a lot of money.(改为虚拟语气的句子)

I__________ to Paris if I_____ a lot of money.

5. The girl looks very shy.(对划线部分提问)

__________the girl_____?

Ⅳ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空限填一词｡

1. 如果他是你的话,他就不会上学迟到｡

If he_____ you, he_______________ late for school.

2. 他宁愿呆在家里看书也不愿去参加晚会｡

He’d_____ stay at home and read a book_____ go to the party.

3. 她在考试中总是名列前茅｡

She always__________ in exams.

4. 别让你父母失望,他们想让你成为最棒的｡

Don’t_____ your parents_____, they want you to be the best one.

5. 我弟弟常常未经允许就和朋友们外出了｡

My brother often went out with his friends__________.

Ⅴ. 完形填空

Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, especially in the places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is 1.

These bridges can make people cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossing.

They are more efficient(效率高的), 2 less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps. This is inconvenient to the old. When people 3 an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. But when they cross a 4 road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help people and 5 traffic moving at the same time.

The government of Singapore has 6 a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be encouraged to use them 7 rushing across the road. Old people may find it a little 8 to climb up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road 9 all the moving traffic.

Overhead bridges are very useful. People, both old and young, should 10 use them. This will stop accidents from happening.

1. A. noisy B. not safe C. crowded D. not busy

2. A. though B. or C. if D. till

3. A. pass B. use C. visit D. build

4. A. wide B. narrow C. busy D. free

5. A. see B. keep C. find D. feel

6. A. used B. made C. spent D. borrowed

7. A. full of B. fond of C. in spite of D. instead of

8. A. difficult B. different C. worried D. excited

9. A. past B. along C. about D. with

10. A. almost B. always C. nearly D. hardly

Ⅵ. 阅读理解

(A)

The zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippers? Zippers are very common, so we forget that they are wonderful. They are very strong, but they open and close very easily. They come in many colors and sizes.

In the 1890s, people in the United States wore high shoes with a long row of buttons, too. People wanted an easier way to put on and take off clothes.

Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zipper in 1893. He was an engineer in Chicago. He called the zipper a slide fastener. However, it didn’t stay closed very well. This was not satisfactory, and people didn’t buy many of them. Then Dr Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem.

A zipper has three parts: 1. There are dozens of metal or plastic hooks(called teeth) in two rows. 2. These hooks are fixed to two strips of cloth. The cloth strips can bend easily. 3. A fastener slides along and fixes the hooks together. When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart.

Dr Sundback put the hooks on the strips of cloth, and therefore held all the hooks in place. They don’t come apart very easily. This solved the problem of the first zippers.

1. Zippers are better than buttons because_____.

A. they are much stronger

B. they have more colors and sizes

C. they open and close more easily

D. they stay closed much better

2. A zipper stays closed when its fastener_____.

A. takes the hooks apart B. slides along the hooks

C. fastens the hooks together D. holds some hooks in place

3. The problem of the first zippers was that_____.

A. people didn’t buy many of them

B. they were very expensive

C. they didn’t close easily

D. they came apart very easily

4. Dr Sundback solved the problem of the first zippers by_____.

A. fixing the hooks on two cloth strips

B. fixing a slide fastener to the two cloth strips

C. fixing the two cloth strips in the proper position

D. fixing dozens of metal hooks in two rows

5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A. A zipper has hooks, cloth strips, and a slide fastener.

B. People didn’t like the first zippers.

C. Mr Judson and Dr Sundback gave us a wonderful invention, the zipper.

D. Zippers are very common and wonderful.

(B)

Lawn(草地) tennis is a good sport, being based on the ancient game of court tennis, which came up in Egypt or Persia some 2,500 years ago. Walter Wingfield thought that something like court tennis could be played outdoors on lawns, and in December 1873, he introduced his new game, which he called Sphairistike, at lawn party in Wales. The sport became popular very rapidly, but the strange, difficult name disappeared almost at once, being replaced by the very simple and logical(符合逻辑的) term “lawn tennis”. In 1874 the game was being played by British soldiers in Bermuda, and in the early months of that year a young lady named Mary Outerbridge returned from Bermuda to New York, bringing with her the equipment necessary to play the new game. With the help of one of her brothers, she laid out a court on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, and then, in the spring of 1874, Miss Outerbridge and some of her friends played the first game of lawn tennis in the United States. And just two years later, in 1876, the first United States lawn tennis tournament(锦标赛)was held at Nahant near Boston.

6. Mary Outerbridge is important in the history of lawn tennis because

.

A. she invented the game

B. she gave the game its name

C. she introduced the game to Bermuda

D. she introduced the game to the United States

7. The new game called Sphairistike appeared in_____ in 1873.

A. America B. Europe C. Bermuda D. Egypt

8. Lawn tennis was introduced to the United States in_____.

A. 1873 B. 1874

C. 1876 D. None of the above

9. The first United States lawn tennis game was played_____.

A. at Nahant B. on the Staten Island

C. in Boston D. None of the above

10. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Lawn tennis became popular very rapidly in the United States.

B. It was Walter Wingfield who invented court tennis.

C. The sport was called “lawn tennis” shortly after it was invented.

D. Miss Outerbridge set up a lawn tennis court with the help of her brother.

Unit 5

Ⅰ. 词汇

A. 根据已给首字母及括号内的汉语提示,写出下列各句空白处所缺的单词｡

1. Shall we go out for a p_____(郊游)on Sunday afternoon?

2. There’re four o(海洋) in the world. Can you name them?

3. The police arrived at the c(关键的) moment and saved the girl.

4. Daniel is my next door n(邻居). We often help each other.

5. Don’t throw g(垃圾) here and there, Tony. We must keep our classroom clean.

B. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空｡

1. If you want to see Dr Smith, you should make an_____ with him in advance.

2. Our team was so_____ that we were sure we would win.

3. Don’t be_____ about me any more, Mum. I’ve grown up.

4. ―Oh, Dad, I’m afraid. The dog is barking at me.

―Don’t be afraid, dear. Do you know the saying “_____ dogs never bite”?

5. Zhang Yimou and Feng Xiaogang are famous_____ in China.

6. After the tsunami(海啸), the life became_____ difficult for the people there.

7. My little sister was so clever that she could_____ from one to one hundred at the age of four.

8. A thief_____ from the police after hitting a policeman on the nose.

9. The wolf_____ to be dead when he saw a hunter.

10. He was tired and_____ himself into the chair.

Ⅱ. 单项选择

1. The book_____ be Tom’s. Look! His name is on it.

A. have to B. might C. could D. must

2. Jim is_____ child in Mr Green’s family. He has no brothers or sisters.

A. only a B. only the C. an alone D. the only

3. Simon_____ be at home now. He went to America this morning.

A. must B. mustn’t C. might not D. can’t

4. ―_____guitar is this?

―It’s mine.

A. Who B. Who’s C. Whose D. Whose’s

5. The soccer_____ be Brian’s. I remember he has one.

A. can B. would C. might D. has to

6. I’m busy,_____, I’d like to go to listen to Zhou Jielun.

A. however B. but C. though D. and

7. ―Oh, Jimmy. I_____ you_____ in Beijing.

―I’ve been here for two weeks.

A. don’t think; are B. didn’t think; were

C. didn’t think; are D. don’t think; were

8. I had no_____ that you were here.

A. mind B. idea C. heart D. think

9. There will be a math test on_____ tomorrow.

A. algebra B. chemistry C. geography D. physics

10. She was very_____ because she couldn’t find her mobile phone.

A. pleased B. strange C. carelessly D. anxious

11. They had to put off the football match_____ the heavy rain.

A. because B. with C. because of D. since

12.―How many_____ do you have, Jimmy?

―Twenty.

A. toy’s cars B. toys cars C. toys’ cars D. toy cars

13. I’m not the_____ of the guitar. It could be Jim’s.

A. owner B. teacher C. author D. inventor

14. Here’s the last bus. Let’s_____.

A. get on it B. get it on C. get off it D. get it off

15. They tried_____ the bus, but failed.

A. to catching B. catching C. to catch D. caught

Ⅲ. 同义句转换 根据上句,完成下句,使两句意思基本相同｡

1. Who can tell me how I can get to the station?

Who can tell me how_______________ the station?

2. Mike didn’t see anybody enter the building before ten.

Nobody____________________ the building before ten.

3. The bench was so long that all of us were able to sit on it.

The bench was long enough___________________________________.

4. I think that it is important to master a foreign language.

I think____________________ a foreign language.

5. Mary spent 3, 000 yuan on the color TV set.

The color TV set__________ 3, 000 yuan.

6. Of all the songs, this is the most popular.

This song is more popular____________________.

7. Mother didn’t do the work for her little son, but taught him how to do it.

Instead of____________________ her little son, she taught him how to do it.

8. I don’t know either Russian or French.

I know____________________.

9. If you take a bus, you will get there in about two hours.

_______________about two hours_______________ by bus.

10. I’d rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.

I prefer__________ at home_______________ the cinema.

Ⅴ. 汉译英 将下列句子译成英语｡

1. 海明威是她最喜爱的作家｡

2. 我们不要不懂装懂｡

3. 这部词典是属于图书馆的｡

4. 我怕把他吵醒了｡

5. 回家吃饭请别迟到｡

Ⅵ. 完形填空

Tolstoy, a great Russian writer, liked to walk about in a railway station near his home. One day when he was walking up and down as usual, looking at people getting on and off the 1, he heard a lady 2 after him, “Hey, you old fellow, go and fetch my handbag in the 3 room which I left there.

Tolstoy 4 there. He 5 the bag up and walked quickly along the platform(站台). 6 the same time the lady was waiting beside the carriage, looking 7. When at last the old man gave the bag back to her, she opened it to 8 sure nothing was missing. “Good, old man,” said the woman. “You are just as quick as I hope. Here you are.” Tolstoy 9 the coin and put it into his pocket with a smile.

But the woman was very 10 when she heard that he was Tolstoy, the author of the great novel WAR AND PEACE. How interesting it was!

1. A. trains B. bikes C. cars D. planes

2. A. telling B. talking C. speaking D. shouting

3. A. dining B. next C. waiting D. meeting

4. A. jumped B. passed C. went D. came

5. A. took B. gave C. picked D. lifted

6. A. At B. By C. For D. In

7. A. back B. happy C. well D. worried

8. A. make B. get C. do D. take

9. A. showed B. picked C. watched D. took

10. A. worried B. surprised C. happy D. angry

Ⅶ. 阅读理解

(A)

Good morning, class!

Today, I’ll talk about going online.

We know that there are too many net bars(网吧) around us. The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable. Many of us like going online very much because we can learn how to use the computer and can get more information from the Internet. We can learn English. We can read some good newspapers and magazines. We can send e-mails to our friends quickly. We can chat freely online with our friends. We can get in touch with people from all over the world. We can play computer games on the Internet, because it can help develop our intelligence. But some students spend too much time playing computer games and some even stay in the net bars day and night. Some boys or girls get to having girlfriends or boyfriends online. It takes them too much time to chat online so they do worse and worse in their lessons and they don’t study well any more. I think we mustn’t get online when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winter holidays. I think we should get online with adults――our teachers or parents.

At the same time, if we have lots of free time, we can do some out-of-class activities at school. We usually have activities from 4:50 to 5:50 in the afternoon. If you are interested in sports, you can play basketball or football. We also have some interest groups at school, such as drawing, singing and dancing. We can go to the English Corner on Monday afternoon. We can practise talking in English there. We hope we can spend less time on the Internet but more time on our subjects or such activities so that we can learn a lot.

Thank you for listening to me. That’s all.

1. The short passage is about_____.

A. going online B. how to communicate with others

C. the teachers or parents D. different kinds of activities

2. The Internet can make our lives_____.

A. helpful and important B. enjoyable and interesting

C. enjoyable but expensive D. interesting but tiring

3._____ is not good.

A. Going online by yourself

B. Reading newspapers and magazines online

C. Going online with adults

D. Spending all day in the net bars

4. Playing computer games moderately(适度地) can help make us_____.

A. healthy B. strong C. clever D. lazy

5. Which of the following is NOT right?

A. There are too many net bars in the cities.

B. We can learn English on the Internet.

C. We mustn’t get online when we are studying at school.

D. We can spend most of the time on the Internet.

(B)

Some people say laughter is the best medicine. Scientists are beginning to agree with this. They are studying laughter seriously and finding it is really good for us.

So what happens when we laugh? We use fifteen different muscles in our face, and laughing is good for every organ in our body. When we laugh, we breathe quickly and exercise the face, shoulders and chest. Our blood pressure goes down, and our circulation gets better. Our heart beat gets slower and our brain makes a natural painkiller.

Every minute we laugh is the same as forty-five minutes of relaxation①. Many doctors around the world believe that laughter helps us get better when we are sick②.

Of course, there are many kinds of laughter. We may change the way we laugh in different situations. But we all have a laugh that is special to us. How do you usually laugh?

根据短文内容,完成下列任务｡

6. 用学过的词解释注①:

7. 句意填词:If a man stops laughing suddenly, his heart beat maybe gets_____.

8. According to the passage, which of the following is right?

A. People laugh in the same way.

B. One should learn different ways of laughing.

C. We need to laugh forty-five minutes each day.

D. Everyone has his own way of laughing.

9. 用一个英语句子概括本文的大意:_________________________

10. 把注②译成汉语:________________________________________

Key to Unit 4:

Ⅰ. A. 1. plenty2. research3. public4. solutions5. lottery

B. 1. divide2. invited3. introduce4. trouble5. social6. listener7. pretty8. coming up with9. being late for10. were

Ⅱ.1-5 BACBA6-10 ADDDC11-15 DADAC

Ⅲ. A) 1. at, all2. if/whether, could3. not, without4. would, fly, had5. How, does; look

Ⅳ. 1. were, would, not, be2. rather, than 3. comes, top4. let, down5. without, permission

Ⅴ. 1-5 BAACB6-10 CDADB

Ⅵ. 1-5 CCDAC6-10 DBBBB

Key to Unit 5:

Ⅰ. A. 1. picnic 2. oceans 3. crucial4. neighbor5. garbage

B. 1. appointment2. confident3. worried4. Barking5. directors

6. extremely7. count8. escaped9. pretended10. dropped

Ⅱ. 1-5 DDDCC 6-10 ABBAD 11-15 CDAAC

Ⅲ. 1. to, get, to2. was, seen, to, enter3. for, all, of, us, to, sit, on4. it, important, to, master5. cost, Mary6. than, any, other, song7. doing, the, work, for8. neither, Russian, nor, French9. It, takes, you, to, get, there10. watchng, TV, to, going, to

Ⅳ. 1. Hemingway is her favorite author.

2. We mustn’t pretend to know what we don’t know.

3. This dictionary belongs to the library.

4. I was afraid of waking him.

5. Please try to be home in time for dinner.

第7篇：元旦标语范文

1.1卒中单元配置概况

多学科专业人员组成了卒中治疗和护理小组,由具备丰富经验的神经内科医生主导,成员涉及急诊、危重症医学及护理人员,依据国内外脑卒中治疗指南制定诊治规范和临床路径,配备经验丰富的神经内科医生和护士,成立康复治疗团队及第一时间为患者制定康复治疗方案,对卒中临床高级专科护士进行员工培训、健康教育及质量管理。

1.2护理管理

护理人员排班模式分为3个大组6个小组,每人管理6~8例患者,负责监护病床患者和普通病床患者的护理,根据临床管理能力、管理经验合理搭配分组。每个护理人员都要接受卒中专科的培训,在3个月内参加1次卒中培训课程,完成卒中相关知识学习,学习治疗常规及临床路径、卒中后患者深静脉血栓的预防、卒中教育和出院指导。学习的方法和形式可以多种多样,例如固定的业务学习,晨间查房、医生授课等,使护理人员熟练掌握护理内容,例如对患者进行评估、病情观察、治疗护理、康复等。患者入院后由责任护士及组长评估患者的情况后给予卒中健康教育,健康教育要贯穿于护理的全过程,联合康复科、营养科等进行健康宣教,通过健康教育能够有效地改变患者的行为方式,在卒中的二级预防中起到重要的作用。

1.3卒中专科的护理

1.3.1心理护理

患者突发脑卒中后,容易出现焦虑、烦躁等不良情绪,护理人员要主动与患者进行沟通交流,让患者正确的对待疾病和人生,保持乐观、积极向上的心态,配合治疗尽快使疾病康复。针对患者不同的心理状态,例如焦虑、烦躁、抑郁等心理状态,采取相应的心理疏导,缓解患者的不良情绪,指导患者学会自我调节,指导患者家属要学会乐观的照顾患者。

1.3.2专科护理

患者多为老年人,同时伴有意识障碍、语言障碍、运动障碍,基础护理任务大,要尽最大可能保证护理效果。

1.3.3个体化护理

由单纯护理转化到患者的康复、健康教育、出院指导、服药依从性跟踪观察。

1.3.4综合护理和安全护理

要求护理人员掌握全部护理知识和技能,做好患者的基础护理,减少压疮等发生,要时刻关注患者的护理安全,对护士的操作、制度执行情况进行检查,对易发生意外事件的患者密切观察,早期处理。

1.3.5质控护理

主要有下肢深静脉血栓的预防、卒中教育、吞咽困难,卒中教育必须从入院时开始,贯穿于住院的全过程,吞咽困难筛查需要在患者第一口进食服药前完成,评估患者的活动能力及下肢皮肤。

2实施效果评价

临床预后指标也有明显改善,平均住院日从2009年的17.5d,缩短至2011年的12.3d,降幅29.7%,所用药品比例从61.2%降至49.8%,降幅18.6%,住院费用从12748元下降至8638元,降幅32.2%,病死率下降18%,患者对卒中病房的护理满意度从82.7%上升至96.9%。

3小结

第8篇：元旦标语范文

在大型数据集群网络中，业务逻辑节点和数据库节点分布在不同的地理位置，导致在该网络中创建或检索用户数据将经历较大的网络延迟。如何快速找到用户数据的地理位置节点（服务器识别号）将是减少网络延迟的关键。介绍一种动态索引算法，基于简单正则表达，建立用户数据和服务器组之间的映射关系，并引入动态多叉树，实现动态更改映射关系。引入一元组数据节点和二元组数据节点的概念，应用于多叉树，通过分析一元组多叉树和二元组多叉树的时间效率和空间效率，证明二元组多叉树随着树深的增长，检索时间复杂度保持更好的线性特性。通过一些性能测试的实验数据的比较，得出二元组方案的综合性能更优的结论。最后，简要地介绍该算法的应用领域。

关键词：

二元组；正则表达式；多叉树；快速检索；IMS；IMPI；IMPU

中图分类号：TN915.12 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-3824（2014）01-0071-05

0 引 言

随着3G网络商用化的成熟和LTE演进，移动数据网的用户数量必然随着各种丰富的移动应用而快速增长。移动数据网最大特点就是用户注册时能够实现用户标识分离[1]，即用户身份和用户终端标识的分离，IMS/SIP网中IMPI[2]/IMPU[3]能够很好支持用户标识分离。大型IMS/SIP商用网络的用户数据管理是基于数据集群网络，同一个用户的信息可能分布在不同的地理位置服务器，同时用户数据的主服务器和备份服务器也是分布在不同地理位置。这就决定了用户数据创建和检索的复杂性。通过数据库集群网络，如MySQL，解决这个困难的做法是，引入索引服务器，通过静态配置用户数据和服务器组的映射关系来克服。 但是这种方法由于具有静态性，用户不能动态更改映射关系，并且这种映射关系存在一对一的局限性，使问题的解决效率不高。

本文介绍了一种动态索引算法，该算法可以根据用户的需求，动态更新映射规则，并且实现一个用户数据对多个服务器（即一个服务器组）的复杂映射关系。算法的核心是：基于简单正则表达，实现用户数据和服务器组的复杂映射关系，并引入常驻内存的动态多叉树[4]实现用户动态更改映射关系。 因此，在IMS网络中用于创建或检索用户数据时，该算法能快速定位所在分布式数据集群网络中的地理位置节点。在此基础上，为了降低迭代次数，本文引入一元组数据节点和二元组数据节点的概念，分别应用于该多叉树。通过分析一元组数据节点和二元组数据节点，以及一元组多叉树和二元组多叉树的时间效率和空间效率，从理论上证明二元组多叉树虽然空间开销稍大一些，但是，基于二元组的多叉树随着树深增长，检索时间复杂度保持更好的线性特性。通过一些性能测试实验数据的比较证明了本文的理论分析，同时得出二元组方案综合性能更优的结论。最后，简要地介绍该算法可能的应用领域。

1 简单正则表达式的定义

简单正则表达式支持的格式为“…%x00w%x00…%x00w%x00…%x00w%x00…”，每个“.”是一个符合RFC2486[2]（IMPI 格式） 和 RFC3261[3]（SIP IMPU格式）规定的有效字符，%x00w%x00中的w是匹配规则通配符串，且%x00w%x00的个数和位置没有限定，为了简化算法和提高检索性能，我们规定如果出现多个%x00w%x00通配符，2个通配符中间至少需要一个“.”。

我们之所以选择%x00封装通配符，是因为根据RFC2486（IMPI） 和 RFC3261（SIP IMPU），“%x00”是未被IMPU和IMPI使用的；同时，使用%x00封装通配符可以避免和其他字符，如“[”，”]”，”{“，”}”，等发生冲突；另外，封装字符串%x00对大小写不敏感，也就是说 “%X00” 和“%x00” 是等价的。

“%x00w%x00” 通用语法确定为

“%x00*[A|D][m，n]%x00”

针对该通用语法的一些特例：

1）“%x00*%x00”表示任意大于等于0的字符串。

2）“%x00*m，n%x00”表示任意大于等于m而小于等于n的字符串， 例如 “%x00*2，6%x00” 表示任意大于等于2而小于等于6的字符串。如果n或m不出现，则表示没有上限或下限，例如， “%x00*，5%x00” 表示任意小于等于5的字符串；“%x00*2，%x00” 表示任意大于等于2的字符串。

3）当 “A” 或 “D”字母出现在星号之后，该通配符串用于匹配纯字母串或纯数字串。

2 动态多叉树的构建

表1中，我们给出了一个服务器组标识符和模式字符串之间映射的例子，模式字符串是在第一小节中定义的。本小节中，如何根据模式字符串构建动态多叉树，将给出2种不同的方案。

方案1。

每棵多叉树由3种节点组成。

根节点：即根模式节点，该节点只存储树的入口地址；

中间节点：即中间模式节点，除了存储指向子节点地址信息外，还存储最多不超过一个通配符加一个常字符分割符，或一个常字符分割串，但不能为空，我们把这种节点所存储的数据称为一元组数据；如果2个通配符之间有多个字符，从第二个字符开始，整个字符串作为常字符分割串存储在其子节点中；

叶子节点：即叶模式节点，除了存储1个一元组数据，还存储最终要检索的服务器组标识符。

如图1所示，我们把该多叉树称为一元组多叉树。

该方案的最大局限性是每个通配符后面都必须跟一个常字符分割符，因此它很难处理下例的模式字符串：

“%x00*1，5%x00bcd%x00*A1，3%x00”。

方案2。

每棵多叉树由3种节点组成。

根节点：即根模式节点，该节点只存储树的入口地址；

中间节点：即中间模式节点，除了存储指向子节点的地址信息外，还存储一个由通配符和一个常字符分割串组成的二元组，它定义如下

在该二元组里，具有先通配符串，后常字符分割串的先后顺序关系，并且通配符串和常字符分割串两者中，可以允许其中之一为空串，但不能2者都空。例如，一个模式字符串：2%x00*D2，2%，在1颗多叉树中，必须有如下1个匹配路径来匹配它：根节点（（。

叶子节点：即叶模式节点，除了存储1个二元组数据，还存储最终要检索的服务器组标识符。

如图2所示，我们把该多叉树称为二元组多叉树。表1列举了3个模式字符串及其对应的服务器组标识符。图1描述了由方案1构建的一元组多叉树，图2描述了由方案2构建的二元组多叉树。如果要检索“” 这个字符串对应的服务器组，在图1和图2中，灰色节点表示匹配该字符串的一个树路径，并最终找到服务器组标识符0x7，该标识符的意思是，在一个服务器集群中，服务器1，2，3存储了该字符串的相关信息。

3.3 数据节点的时间效率分析

方案1：如果输入的字符串要匹配模式字符串， 我们必须先判定模式字符串中是否存在通配符串；由于通配符串是被2个“%x00”包裹，这将产生一次find（）开销用来查找“%x00”。 C++标准定义该算法的复杂度为O（n*m），其中n是输入串的长度，m是检索串的长度。

方案2：在数据节点中存储了1个二元组数据对。由于通配符串和常字符分割串已经按顺序存储，我们就不需要花额外的开销来抽取。所以，在常字符分割串很长的情况下，方案2相比方案1减少很多时间开销。

3.4 多叉树的时间效率分析

对于给定一个输入串，多叉树必须提供一个匹配路径，否则，查询结果为空。这里，我们将最大长度的匹配路径定义为树深，记为H。对于一棵具有M个模式节点的多叉树，我们可以用公式（11）表示它们的关系为

方案1中，从公式（11），我们可以得到树深H和该多叉树所包含的通配符串个数（W）之间的近似关系为

H≈2W （12）

从公式 （12），我们可以得到检索时间的复杂度

TS∝O（2W） （13）

方案2中，从公式（11），我们可以得到树深H和该多叉树所包含通配符串个数（W）之间的近似关系为

H≈W （14）

从公式 （5），我们可以得到检索时间的复杂度如下，

TS∝O（W） （15）

从公式 （13） 和 （15），我们可以看到，当W增加时，二元组多叉树的性能要好于一元组多叉树的性能。 从上面对一元组多叉树和二元组多叉树的数据节点和整棵树时间效率和空间效率的理论分析，我们不难看出，虽然方案1的存储开销要稍小一点，但是它的时间开销要比方案2大不少。

CPU：32 bits， Dual-Core AMD Opteron（tm） 处理器 2212 1GHz。

内存：8 GB。

操作系统：Linux Redhat 5.3。

图11，12和13中的一元组多叉树是根据第2节方案1构建的，二元组多叉树是根据第2节方案2构建的。

4.2 实验案例

1）案例1。

分别构建一棵由10， 25， 50， 100，250，500，1 000个模式字符串组成的多叉树，每个模式字符串组由一个常字符分割串（至少有2个字符组成）+通配符串+常字符分割串组成；再构建一个输入字符串集，集合大小等于模式字符串组的个数，对于每个输入字符串，该多叉树上总能找到一条路径来匹配它；然后随机产生输入字符串来搜索该多叉树，重复1 000次后取平均值作为字符串的检索时间。方案1检索时间对应于图5示例为一元组多叉树的曲线，方案2检索时间对应于图5示例为二元组多叉树的曲线。由此可以看出这2种方案在树深不大的情况下，字符串的检索时间差别不大。

分别构建一棵由50个模式字符串组成多叉树，其他实验数据与实验方法和案例2相同。方案1检索时间对应于图7示例为一元组多叉树的曲线，方案2检索时间对应于图7示例为二元组多叉树的曲线。实验案例3进一步强化了实验案例2的结论：由此可以看出随着树深增加，对于字符串的检索时间，方案2比方案1的优势越来越明显。当通配符串的个数达到9的时候，二元组多叉树的开销要比一元组多叉树的开销省将近48%。

5 结 论

从第3节性能分析和第4节性能测试数据可以看出，随着通配符串个数的增加，二元组多叉树的检索时间保持了比较好的线性特性，一元组多叉树的检索时间则出现了比较大的非线性特性。由此，我们可以得出这样一个结论，二元组多叉树的综合性能要优于一元组多叉树。

6 算法应用领域的思考

在电信领域，随着IMS网络应用的普及，移动互联网用户数的不断增加，分布式用户数据构架已经得到广泛的应用。在这种大背景下，该算法应用于标识用户身份的IMPI/IMPU，创建用户数据时，根据管理人员创建的模式字符串和服务器组映射规则，将其创建到不同后台数据库服务器；同时根据这些模式字符串，查询用户数据的时候，可以迅速定位到该用户位于哪些服务器组。同样，该算法也可以应用于AUC[2] 数据，如 authchar，和 SLF[1，5-7] 数据，如SLFIMPI， SLFIMPU 和SLFMSISDN的创建和查询。

参考文献：

[1]3GPP.TS 23.228-2010 [EB/OL].[2013-09-05]..

[4] CIACCIA P， PATELLA M， ZEZULA P. M-tree： An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces[EB/OL].[2013-09-02]. http：///conf/1997/P426.PDF.

[5] ETSI. ES 282 001-2005 [EB/OL]. [2013-09-08].http：///deliver/etsi_es/282000_282099/282001/01.01.01_60/es_282001v010101p.pdf.

[6] 3GPP. TS 23.002-2011 [EB/OL]. [2013-09-15]. http：//quintillion.co.jp/3GPP/Specs/23002-930.pdf

[7] 3GPP.TS22.228-2000[EB/OL]. [2013-09-29]. http：///ftp/tsg_sa/TSG_SA/TSGS_09/Docs/PDF/SP-000370.pdf.

作者简介：

潘志铂（1977-），男，福建永春人，工学硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为大型分布式网络的数据处理。

Fast searching algorithm based on 2-tuple data pair for mini

regular expression

PAN Zhibo

（Alcatel-Lucent Qingdao R&D， Qingdao shandong 266101， P.R.China）

Abstract：

In the large-size data cluster network， service logic nodes and database nodes located in different geographical sites， which cause the creating or querying subscriber data， will experience a big network delay. So how to quickly find the server ID list for the subscriber data will be a key factor to reduce the network delay. In order to resolve this issue， a “dynamic indexing” algorithm is proposed in this paper. The core algorithm is based on two technologies： 1） a mini regular expression which can realize the complicated mappings between subscriber data and server list， and 2） the dynamical M-tree on which user can change the mapping rules dynamically. This paper introduces the concepts of 1-tuple data and 2-tuple data pair for this M-tree respectively. After analyzing key factors for this algorithm， including its time efficiency and space efficiency， this paper makes a conclusion that compared with the 1-tuple M-tree， the searching time complication is keeping better linear for the 2-tuple M-tree when the tree depth is continuously growing. Some performance testing data for them is also provided to consolidate this conclusion. At the end of this paper， some considerations are provided for the applications of this algorithm.

第9篇：元旦标语范文

长期以来，语文教学中存在着盲目性和随意性的弊端，教与学双方都缺乏明确的目标，往往表现为一种低层次重复的无效劳动。随着近年语文教改的逐步深入，目标教学顺应了语文教学改革的发展趋势，并走向科学化，具有较强的可操作性和可检测性。

下面就如何在单元教学中实施目标教学谈几点看法。

笔者认为进行科学化的目标教学，首先从单元教学开始。所谓单元教学，就是以一个单元作为一个基本的教学单位来作总体设计，对学生进行语文听、说、读、写能以力及语文知识能力综合训练和进行思想情感教育的一种教学结构组织形式。单元目标教学就是在语文教学的全过程中实行有目标控制的单元整体教学，它具有整体性、综合性、控制性、序列性等特点。现在使用的九年义务教育教材，是以单元作为基本教学单位，为我们进行单元目标教学提供了依据和方便。在教学实践中，笔者认为要在单元教学中实施目标教学，基本思路是：在总揽初中语文教材的前提下，充分认识单元教学目标在有目标控制的单元整体教学中的地位和作用，以单元教学重点目标总揽单元课文的教学，并依据单元教学目标去精心设计优化课文教学。

要实现这样的教学目标，应做到以下几点：

首先，吃透大纲精神，并把大纲精神与语文学科的教、学、考联系起来考虑，明确“教点”、“学点”以及“考点”。

其次，总揽初中语文教材，把握整个初中阶段、学年、学期、每个单元的单元教学要求，既要看到森林，又要看到树木，使单元目标与整体目标相结合。

第三，把握现实学情，现实学情就是学生通过学习而具有的基础状况、能力状况，因为它直接关系到单元目标教学的成败。

第四，明确教学目标。单元教学目标就是单元整体教学在基础知识、基本能力和思想教育三个方面在一定阶段要达到的标准。它既反映了大纲要求，又展示了教材内容，是介于大纲和教材之间的有利于教、学、考的指令性指标。明确教学目标就是要求教师和学生要有强烈的目标意识。

就一个单元而言，实施目标教学可按如下步骤：

第一，显示目标。一般来说，在进行一个单元的教学时，可用一个课时（或叫总领课）来统观全局，把握单元提示及全部课文。在进行总领课教学时，就要显示单元教学的重点目标，让学生明确本单元学习应该达到的标准。显示方式最好不要原装批发，而应通过课堂讨论，引导学生根据单元提示、训练重点、预习提示分析本单元教学的重点目标，并弄清单元重点目标在单元中的地位和作用，使学生对所学单元形成整体印象。

第二，落实目标。在教读课文和自读课文中具体落实单元教学目标，应通过课时目标来落实。课时目标是根据课文的训练重点、预习提示、阅读提示及课后的思考练习来设计。课时目标必须受到单元教学重点目标的控制，教学不得游离于这个目标。对于课文内容，导学时不能面面俱到，而要全力以赴地突出单元教学的重点目标。

第三，测试目标。单元教学目标既是教师实施单元目标教学的依据，也是学生进行单元目标学习的原点，同时还是测量学生学习效果的依据。目标测试，主要通过单元达标测试来进行，主要看学生是否围绕单元教学目标在认真地学习和在目标的指导下进行有效地学习。可引导学生对所学单元的学习质量进行总结，总结要力求做到精要、有用、富有启发性，对单元教学重点目标和课文教学具体目标进一步巩固加深，使学生对所学单元的得失有比较深刻的认识。

教学实践表明，在语文教学过程中进行每个单元的目标教学，具有对教学过程进行定向控制的作用。它有利于克服长期以来语文教学只着眼于单篇，面面俱到，目标重复分散而导致的语文课堂效率低、教学效果差的弊端。

目标教学的尝试与开展对优化教学目标，优化教学内容，优化教学体系，为中学语文课堂教学中实施素质教育的深化起着重要作用，是优化教学、提高教学质量的重要手段之一，意义重大。因此，中学语文教师要积极开展目标教学的研究和落实活动。

参考文献：

[1]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中语文课程标准（实验）[S].人民教育出版社，2003.

[2]朱慕菊主编.走进新课程——与课程实施者对话[M].北京师范大学出版社，2004.

[3]张天宝.新课程与课堂教学改革[M].人民教育出版社，2003.

[4]孙绍振.直谏中学语文教学[M].南方日报出版社，2003.